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Adenocarcinoma is a common histological type of ulcerative colitis-associated cancer (UCAC), whereas neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is extremely rare. UCAC is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage, even with regular surveillance colonoscopy. A 41-year-old man with a 17-year history of UC began receiving surveillance colonoscopy at the age of 37 years; 2 years later, dysplasia was detected in the sigmoid colon, and he underwent colonoscopy every 3 to 6 months. Approximately 1.5 years thereafter, a flat adenocarcinoma lesion occurred in the rectum. Flat lesions with high-grade dysplasia were found in the sigmoid colon and surrounding area. The patient underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with ileostomy. Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in the sigmoid colon and NEC in the rectum. One year postoperation, recurrence or metastasis was not evident. Regular surveillance colonoscopy is important in patients with long-term UC. A histological examination of UCAC might demonstrate NEC.

e15625 Background: We previously reported that based on CT images at the 3rd lumbar vertebra, female patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were more likely to be sarcopenic than male patients after curative resection, and predisposed to develop early dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) in adjuvant CAPOX therapy. Although oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for CRC is prevalently used worldwide, it is largely unknown how the treatment affects patients in terms of sarcopenia. Therefore we conducted a prospectively study on the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on multifactorial components assessed for sarcopenia. Methods: We examined stage II-III CRC patients who received adjuvant CAPOX after curative surgery after March 2022. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. During this systemic therapy, we assessed nutritional status using Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA, an 18-item questionnaire consisting of psychological well-being, diet quality, physical activity and anthropometric metrics; score range:0-30), and examined gait speed and grip strength, as well as whole body skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and bone mineral using a body composition analyzer. The changes in these metrics were analyzed in association with dose reduction/adverse events of CAPOX. All continuous variables were tested by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: Eighteen men and 13 women (mean age: 61 years old) were included in this study. Seven (39%) male and seven (54%) female patients required dose reduction within the four treatment cycles (p = 0.65). The median MNA, gait speed, grip, muscle mass, fat mass and bone mineral at the first and fourth cycles of CAPOX in men were 20.4 and 24.0, 1.10 and 1.23 m/sec, 30.9 and 31.2 kg, 27.3 and 28.0 kg, 11.8 and 11.9 kg, and 2.8 and 2.9 kg, respectively. The median of these metrics at the first and fourth cycles of CAPOX in women were 21.4 and 22.4, 1.32 and 1.33 m/sec, 22.0 and 22.4 kg, 21.95 and 22.12 kg, 13.43 and 14.62 kg, and 2.34 and 2.31 kg, respectively. The relative values (medians) of the metrics at the fourth cycle to those at the first cycle of CAPOX (men vs women) were as follows; MNA:1.131 vs 1.045 (p = 0.057), gait speed:1.075 vs 0.950 (p = 0.17), grip:1.018 vs 1.044 (p = 0.81), muscle mass:1.028 vs 1.011 (p = 0.036), fat mass:1.029 vs 1.080 (p = 0.47), and bone mineral:1.030 vs 0.991 (p = 0.015). Conclusions: It is suggested that adjuvant CAPOX has negative impact on postoperative recovery of psychological and physical components in female patients.