This study aimed to improve the students’ productive disposition (PD) through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning with an outdoor approach based on school level. Productive disposition development is intended so that students can appreciate mathematics as a science needed for their lives. The method used in this research was a quasi-experimental study. The population was 210 students of the fifth grade of Elementary School from five schools. The sample was 75 fifth grade students. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test to find out the difference between the experimental and the control group. The results of this study indicate that RME learning with the outdoor approach more influential than the conventional learning in improving PD in high school level. Otherwise, in medium and low level school, the conventional learning was more influential than the RME learning with the outdoor approach to improve the students’ PD. Therefore, it can be concluded that the school level needs to be considered in improving students’ productive disposition through RME learning with an outdoor approach. Moreover, RME learning with an outdoor approach as an alternative model to improve productive disposition of students.

This study aims to determine the basic concepts and values of mathematics contained in traditional Bengkulu musical instruments in elementary schools. The urgency of this research is to use regional culture in learning mathematics theoretically and practically as a medium and source of learning mathematics through learning outside the classroom to achieve the objectives of learning mathematics in elementary schools. This research method is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Data sources are in the form of traditional Bengkulu musical instruments, namely dhol, tassa, long drums, and serunai. Other data sources are documents and interviews with experts and practitioners of Bengkulu traditional musical instruments. The data were analyzed qualitatively with the method of content analysis. The result of this study shows that the basic mathematical concepts in Bengkulu traditional musical instruments are points, lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, kites, circles, tubes, half balls, cut balls, cut cones, universes, and patterns. At the same time, the mathematical values contained in traditional Bengkulu musical instruments are obeying the rules, consistency, creativity, and cooperation. Therefore, as an alternative to effective learning in elementary schools, Bengkulu traditional musical instruments can be used as a medium and source of learning mathematics outside the classroom.

Many high school students have difficulty learning probability material. Meanwhile, probability is very important to be applied in everyday life, for example, in estimating and drawing conclusions based on the analysis of an experiment. Therefore, students' understanding of probabilities needs to be improved through learning that invites students to real situations. This study aims to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of probability topics (counting, permutations, combinations, and probabilities) through ethnomathematical outdoor learning based on the game 'Gotri Ayo Gotri (GAG)' for XII Class senior high school. The research method is a classroom action research with the following cycle stages: planning, action, reflection, and evaluation. The research subjects were 33 students (20 female students and 13 male students). The research instrument was a learning outcome test about the probability of as many as five items. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study are as follows: outdoor learning based on the ethnomathematics of the game 'Gotri Ayo Gotri (GAG)' can improve mathematics learning outcomes on probability topics with an average score of cycle 1 of 65.91, cycle 2 of 79.97, and cycle three score of 89.97. The novelty in this research is the form of the traditional Bengkulu GAG game. As an alternative to learning, it is recommended for high school mathematics teachers to apply traditional game-based learning outside the classroom to increase motivation and learning outcomes in mathematics.