African literature has played a major role in changing and shaping perceptions about African people and their way of life for the longest time. Unlike western cultures that are associated with advanced forms of writing, African literature is oral in nature, meaning it has to be recited and even performed. Although Africa has an old tribal culture, African philosophy is a new and strange idea among us. Although the problem of “universality” of African philosophy actually refers to the question of whether Africa has heckling of philosophy in the Western sense, obviously, the philosophy bred by Africa’s native culture must be acknowledged. Therefore, the human–computer interaction-oriented (HCI-oriented) method is proposed to appreciate African literature and African philosophy. To begin with, a physical object of tablet-aid is designed, and a depth camera is used to track the user’s hand and tablet-aid and then map them to the virtual scene, respectively. Then, a tactile redirection method is proposed to meet the user’s requirement of tactile consistency in head-mounted display virtual reality environment. Finally, electroencephalogram (EEG) emotion recognition, based on multiscale convolution kernel convolutional neural networks, is proposed to appreciate the reflection of African philosophy in African literature. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a strong immersion and a good interactive experience in navigation, selection, and manipulation. The proposed HCI method is not only easy to use, but also improves the interaction efficiency and accuracy during appreciation. In addition, the simulation of EEG emotion recognition reveals that the accuracy of emotion classification in 33-channel is 90.63%, almost close to the accuracy of the whole channel, and the proposed algorithm outperforms three baselines with respect to classification accuracy.

The North Korean folk Music is characterized by the pentatonic scale, which is made up of the five tones of gong (C), shang (D), jue (E), zhi (G), and yu (A). There are five corresponding modes in it: gong mode, shang mode, jue mode, zhi mode and yu mode. It contains a unique 'sigimsae' (decorative expressions) and and exhibits a unique style. Given the researches on the pentatonic scale modes in the North Korean folk Music from 1950 to 2000, it is divided into studies on structural characteristics and types of the modes based on 'pyongjo three-tone serial' and 'gemyongjo three-tone serial' and studies on the mode expansion. Among those, the researches on the mode expansion are generally based on Hwang Min-myung's theory. This study examines the theoretical background and formation process of the pentatonic scale modes in the North Korean folk songs and analyzes the structure and tone characteristics between 'basic scale modes' and 'expanded scale modes', which have not yet been studied by the theory of expansion of the pentatonic scale modes in folk songs. Furthere, it seeks theoretical study on the modal development, aspects of modulation, and aspects of modal change in the same serial of extended scale modes. Therefore, this studycomposes the mode scales based on Hwang Min-myung's theory of the expansion of the pentatonic scale modes and divides the corresponding extended modes into 9 types. Among them, it is found that 'same serial modulation' and 'same tonic-note modulation' are made between scale modes due to the characteristics of 'same serials' and 'same scale modes' that appear in modes and extended scale modes in accordance to the alternative notes such as B, Bb, C#, Eb, F, and F#. This study aims to suggest the possibility of the development of the pentatonic scale modes in the Korean folk music. Therefore, it is expected that research on the pentatonic scale modes in Korea and other countries around the world will serve as a theoretical foundation for the creation of music by presenting the direction of research results that strengthen the basic frame of theory.

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The Korean female images as prostitutes, bar girls, refugees, and victims of sexual violence are often found in both American novels and Korean novels of the Korean War. This essay tries to analyze how the exotic portrayals and images are constructed in American novels in accordance with Western indigenous culture and the general conception of Eastern inferiority in comparison to the superiority of Western civilization. With the pervasiveness of ethnocentrism, the Korean female images are portrayed as the Other and exotica of the East. Consequently, what they suffered in the calamity of war has been erased. However, similar female images that appeared in the Korean novels of the Korean War are far more complicated. They are relegated to a peripheral status in the national calamities wrought by the war. They are constructed within the frame of the absence of men's support in families, extreme poverty, and the legitimization of prostitution and breakdown of traditional Korean society and culture. In a word, the construction of these Korean female images conveys strong cultural and historical influences.