The use of ultrasound is becoming more widespread in anaesthesia. In this review, we discuss the use of ultrasound in various aspects of paediatric anaesthesia and how it can be used to assist diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and the evidence available. We explore the use of ultrasound as an adjunct for regional anaesthesia, vascular access, airway management, bedside cardiac, pulmonary and abdominal imaging and intracranial pressure monitoring.

Perioperative pain management in patients undergoing major surgery with restrictive lung disease can be a challenge. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, a rare genetic disorder, causes progressive proximal weakness resulting in chronic pain. We describe a patient undergoing elective scapulothoracic fusion to improve chronic pain. We demonstrated the use of 2 continuous regional catheters for perioperative analgesia to reduce opioid consumption. We used interscalene brachial plexus and erector spinae plane block with catheter insertion using continuous local anesthetic infusion. The aim was to reduce potential respiratory complications in a patient with severe restrictive lung disease and reduce hospital stay.