Summary The diploid wild cotton species Gossypium australe possesses excellent traits including resistance to disease and delayed gland morphogenesis, and has been successfully used for distant breeding programmes to incorporate disease resistance traits into domesticated cotton. Here, we sequenced the G. australe genome by integrating PacBio, Illumina short read, BioNano (DLS) and Hi‐C technologies, and acquired a high‐quality reference genome with a contig N50 of 1.83 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 143.60 Mb. We found that 73.5% of the G. australe genome is composed of various repeat sequences, differing from those of G. arboreum (85.39%), G. hirsutum (69.86%) and G. barbadense (69.83%). The G. australe genome showed closer collinear relationships with the genome of G. arboreum than G. raimondii and has undergone less extensive genome reorganization than the G. arboreum genome. Selection signature and transcriptomics analyses implicated multiple genes in disease resistance responses, including GauCCD7 and GauCBP1, and experiments revealed induction of both genes by Verticillium dahliae and by the plant hormones strigolactone (GR24), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Experiments using a Verticillium‐resistant domesticated G. barbadense cultivar confirmed that knockdown of the homologues of these genes caused a significant reduction in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. Moreover, knockdown of a newly identified gland‐associated gene GauGRAS1 caused a glandless phenotype in partial tissues using G. australe. The G. australe genome represents a valuable resource for cotton research and distant relative breeding as well as for understanding the evolutionary history of crop genomes.

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The metabolic responses of different colour strains of Ruditapes philippinarum in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion to changes in temperature (15-35°C) and salinity (20-40) were investigated. In our range of temperatures (15-35°C), oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increases in cultivated strains (White and Zebra) in opposition to the effect in the wild strain which reach a maximum at 25°C. The highest Q 10 coefficients were 2.741 for zebra strain, 4.326 for white strain, and 1.944 for wild at temperatures of 25-30, 30-35 and 20-25°C respectively. In our range of salinity (20-40°C), OCRs of white strain and zebra strain firstly decreased to lowest level at 25 and 30, and then increased to highest level at 35 and 40 respectively. When the salinity is beyond 35, the OCR decreased and the turning point was found in the white strain and wild, but the zebra strain OCR still increased to a highest level (1.906 mg g À1 h À1 ) at 40 (P < 0.05). These results show that the cultivated colour strains of R. philippinarum were different from wild in terms of metabolic responses, and information on its response to different temperature and salinity have implications in the aquaculture industry.

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are combined with dialdehyde starch nanocrystals (DASNCs) to form highly porous, mechanically robust, compressible aerogels, which can be used as supercapacitor electrodes and efficient adsorbents. The introduction of the DASNC to GO was confirmed by SEM, TEM, FTIR, Raman, XPS, and TGA. After DASNCs attached to the reduced graphene (RGO), the aerogel skeleton became more robust, resulting in high mechanical properties. DASNC can effectively prevent irreversible self-stacking between graphene nanosheets; therefore, the electrochemical performance of reduced graphene oxide was fully realized, and the specific capacitance was increase from 198 to 316 F g −1 . The hybrid aerogels were also used to remove four dye contaminants. Results showed that DASNCs-RGO hybrid aerogels (SRGO) had high adsorption capacities toward rhodamine B (RB) and crystal violet (CV) due to the highly porous structure and high specific surface. The highest adsorption capacities toward RB and CV of SRGO were 539 mg g −1 and 318 mg g −1 . The results of adsorption kinetics showed that there was chemisorption mechanism interaction between the hybrid aerogels and dye contaminants during the adsorption process.