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the correlation between the %CSA<5 and the radionuclide uptake rate visualized by pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy.Results: The %CSA<5 in the obstructed side of the lung after treatment displayed significant improvements after intervention (p = 0.04). Among the 5 cases that underwent pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy before and after the treatment, the radionuclide uptake rate of the obstructed side improved in all patients, whereas the %CSA<5 improved in 4 of the 5 patients.Conclusion: Measurement of the %CSA<5 might be useful to assess the outcome of interventional bronchoscopy. Background and Aim: The diagnostic bronchoscopy in acute hypoxemic patients might result in profound hypoxemia requiring intubation. We aimed to study the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compared with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in those patients requiring the diagnostic bronchoscopy. The primary end point was the lowest oxygen saturation during the procedure. Methods:The prospective, randomized-controlled trial was conducted on patients with acute hypoxemia requiring the diagnostic bronchoscopy from September 2015 to December 2016. They were randomized into either the NIV with the setting of EPAP of 5 cmH 2 O and IPAP to achieve the tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, or HFNC group with the setting of inspiratory flow 40 L/min, and FiO 2 of 0.6 in both groups. The vital signs and gas exchange parameters during the procedure were recorded and analysed.Results: Of 20 patients in NIV and 18 patients in HFNC, the baseline PaO 2 and SpO 2 at ambient air were 51 mmHg and 85% versus 56 mmHg and 89% (P=0.14 and 0.10, respectively). Other demographic data were comparable in both groups. The lowest SpO 2 during the procedure between NIV and HFNC group were not different (94AE4% vs 92AE7%, P=0.41). In addition, the secondary outcomes in terms of the vital signs and gas exchange parameters were not different during peri-and postprocedure. Five patients in NIV group (25%) and two patients in HFNC group (11%) were intubated within 24 hours post-bronchoscopy (P=0.27). The 7-day mortality rate was not different in both groups (10% in NIV vs 6% in HFNC, P=0.61). Conclusion:In acute hypoxemic patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy, NIV and HFNC provided the similar effectiveness in prevention of hypoxemia and respiratory failure peri-and post-procedure. Accordingly, we should consider either one of them as an adjunct to bronchoscopy in those patients in order to reduce the risk of acute respiratory failure needing invasive mechanical ventilation. Background and Aim: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during bronochoalveolar lavage (BAL) may cause significant hypoxemia to be followed by the endotracheal intubation (ETI). To prevent hypoxemia during BAL, non-invasive ventilation can be used, but it was not widely used in clinical practice because of technical difficulties. Recently, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen delivery has been used to various hypoxemic situations. However, role of HFNC during bronchoscopy with BAL in acute respiratory failure...