Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered a suitable photovoltaic system for urban applications and highly bendable DSSCs can be expanded to applications such as dispensable DSSCs for commercial advertising and small portable power sources. However, although many reports have shown flexible or highly bendable photoelectrodes using TCO-coated polymeric substrates or metal meshes, until now, few have shown highly bendable DSSCs using electrodes because the flexibility of a single electrode is not a critical issue for highly bendable DSSCs. Here, we report a new DSSC design, inspired by the traditional Korean door structure consisting of a paper-bonded wooden frame, and a process for TCOfree highly bendable DSSCs utilizing glass paper and metal mesh. In the new DSSC design, constituents such as stainless steel mesh and mesoporous TiO 2 loaded with a Ru-complex dye were bonded on the glass paper, which was sputter-coated with Pt on one side and filled with electrolyte. The glass-paper-based flexible DSSCs showed 2% energy-conversion efficiency, which was maintained under bending until the radius of curvature reached 2 cm. The new glass-paperbased flexible DSSCs may have potential applications as low-cost highly bendable solar cells to overcome the limitations of conventional sandwich-type DSSCs.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted attention due to their low production cost and relatively high energy-conversion efficiency even under weak illumination. Owing to these advantages, DSSCs are considered a suitable photovoltaic system for urban applications, including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and electronics-integrated photovoltaics (EIPV). 1-3 Flexible DSSCs can be attached to buildings or integrated into electronics for mechanical reliability and light-weight structures/devices. 4-9 Additionally, highly bendable DSSCs can be expanded to applications such as dispensable DSSCs for commercial advertising and small portable power sources.Generally, DSSCs have a sandwich-type structure consisting of two transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-coated substrates that face each other and an inserted spacer or gasket to provide space for electrolyte filling between the electrodes and to prevent electrical shorts. 1-9 The structure is produced as follows. A photoelectrode layer containing mesoporous TiO 2 and the loaded dye is deposited onto one transparent conductive substrate. An electrochemical catalytic counter electrode, such as Pt, is deposited on the other conductive substrate. The two separately prepared electrodes are assembled by inserting a spacer and gasket into the sandwich-type structure and filling the space between the two electrodes with an electrolyte. The sandwich-type structure has been the dominant design for DSSCs, and there are few alternatives.A new dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) design, modeled on traditional Korean door structures and utilizing porous glass paper, suitable for bendable DSSCs is proposed. In the new design, all device components, including the photoelectrod...

Based on the verified multiphysics simulation, a model describing C transport contributing to crystal growth was suggested. Based on the further understanding of C transport, the growth rate was enhanced by adopting a flow modifier in the melt.

The top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method is a promising technique for fabricating high-quality silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals. The carbon required to grow SiC is provided by dissolving the graphite crucible in the silicon melt, and the carbon distribution in the silicon melt is governed by various factors. In this study, two hot zone structures are evaluated using the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation, especially for the temperature distribution, the velocity field, and the carbon concentration in the silicon melt. The results of the simulations revealed significant differences between the two hot zone structures in terms of temperature and carbon concentrations, especially near the interface between the crystal and the melt. SiC crystals are experimentally grown to verify the simulation results with the two hot zone structures. The grown crystals are evaluated to study their surface morphology, crystal quality, polytype stability, and dislocation density by using optical microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and chemical etching, respectively. The simulations and experiments suggests that the hot zone structure with a small temperature gradient especially near the interface between the crystal and the melt promotes stable conditions for growing SiC crystals via the TSSG method.

It is hypothesized that gravity‐driven sedimentation and gliding of water microdroplets on a substrate surface due to the Leidenfrost effect explain the deposition behaviors of epilayers via mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD). The deposition rate, thickness uniformity, and surface morphology are dependent on the velocity, incident angle, incident probability, gliding distance, and the lifetime of the droplets on the surface of the substrate. Practically, the deposition of corundum structured gallium oxide (α‐Ga2O3) epilayers on a tilted 2‐inch c‐plane sapphire substrate validated the hypothesis. A high substrate tilt angle and a low mist stream velocity are favorable for a high deposition rate. In contrast, a low substrate tilt angle and a high mist stream velocity are suitable for high uniformity and stable deposition of the α‐Ga2O3 thin films via mist CVD.

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