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Chemo-and protein-based therapeutics are two major modalities for the treatment of malignant tumors with drastically different therapeutic indices, toxicity, and other pharmacological properties. For intended in vivo applications, they also have distinctly different formulation challenges to be addressed separately. In this study, we attempt to overcome the formulation barriers of chemo-and protein-based therapeutics, and report the development of injectable nanogels, a class of crosslinked physical and chemical composite gels (