According to Boesch et al., people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a greater risk of developing harmful behaviors, such as self-aggression and other challenging behaviors than individuals with normal development do not exhibit. The method of approach that is supported by scientific evidence for interventional procedures is applied behavior analysis, reported by Carr et al. [1].AimIn order to provide evidence-based intervention for autism from this approach in practice.MethodIn reference to a longitudinal approach, an intervention program was designed and implemented to serve 40 children with ASD, who were treated for one (1) year at the Victory BRT Institute in Florida, US. The behaviors targeted for reduction (excess behavioral), are the following: physical aggression, self-aggression and non-compliance. The program began with a baseline (12 consecutive days) with observations at home and others different natural contexts. The last three (3) months of the year consisted of monthly follow-up sessions to monitor the treatment implemented. The results were analyzed by repeated measures, ANOVA Sig (P = 0.003) (F = 8). Analyses show that the critical level associated with the effect of time-content interaction is strong, so the treatment generated a positive effect by reducing the behaviors targeted in time.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that interventions from applied behavior analysis are effective.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Objective Disparities exist in health care access, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic pain in Latino populations and other minority populations. Cognitive behavioral–based physical therapy (CBPT) interventions have been shown to be effective in predominantly non-Hispanic white populations with chronic spine pain. However, there is a need for culturally adapted CBPT interventions that focus on conservative management of chronic spine pain. The primary purpose of the study described in this protocol is to test the efficacy of an adapted cognitive behavioral based hybrid telerehabilitation intervention for Latino patients with chronic spine pain. Methods A single-blind, 2-arm parallel group, superiority randomized clinical trial is planned to compare an adapted CBPT intervention to usual care physical therapy. Goal Oriented Activity for Latinos with Spine Pain (GOALS/Metas) is an 8-week hybrid telerehabilitation intervention that integrates guideline-based physical therapy and pain management interventions using cognitive behavioral approaches that has been adapted for Latino patients with chronic spine pain. Usual care physical therapy will be administered based on institutional standards at the referring health center. Outcome measures will be evaluated preintervention and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention. The primary outcome is pain-related disability 1-week postintervention using the Brief Pain Inventory Pain Interference subscale. Secondary outcome measures include behavioral measures of functional activity, social participation, physical activity, and sleep. Determinants of treatment effect including pain-related psychological measures, posture and movement, self-efficacy, treatment expectancy, and therapeutic alliance will be included in secondary moderation and mediation analyses. Impact This clinical trial will provide information on the extent to which an adapted CBPT hybrid telerehabilitation intervention is effective in reducing pain-related disability for Latino patients with chronic spine pain. This information will be useful for clinicians to integrate in their practice given the growing population of Latino patients that experience disparities in health care management of chronic pain.