Pengujian timbal dalam air pada konsentrasi yang sangat kecil sulit dilakukan secara langsung menggunakan metode SSA-nyala karena keterbatasan limit deteksi alat. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut pada penelitian ini dilakukan preparasi sampel secara Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) yaitu dengan mengadsorpsikan logam timbal pada resin DOWEX 50WX2 di dalam kolom ekstraksi. Pelepasan kembali logam timbal menggunakan larutan asam nitrat 1 N, selanjutnya dianalisis secara spektrofotometri serapan atom-nyala. Hasil optimasi kondisi ekstraksi larutan timbal diperoleh pada pH 3, laju alir 1 ml menit-1, volume eluen asam nitrat 1 N 10 ml, dan volume sample 50 ml. Pada kondisi optimum dilakukan penentuan limit deteksi metode dengan mengukur sampel air keran yang mengandung logam Pb 5 µg L-1 (3s, n=7). Diperoleh Limit deteksi metode 2,7865 µg L-1. Penentuan akurasi metode juga telah dilakukan dengan mengukur larutan sample air keran yang di spike dengan larutan standar Pb 30 µg L-1 (n=7). Diperoleh akurasi dengan rekoveri Pb sebesar 0.03105 µg L-1 atau 105% dengan presisi (RSD) 12%. Nilai akurasi dan presisi yang diperoleh masih masuk dalam kisaran persyaratan akurasi (70%-125%) dan presisi dimana nilai RSD lebih kecil dari nilai RSD Horwitz 18%. Berdasarkan nilai Akurasi dan presisi yang diperoleh disimpulkan bahwa metode ini memberikan hasil yang efektif untuk menentukan logam Pb(II) dalam air bersih.
Shallow groundwater is the primary drinking water source for local communities surrounding Duri Field operations area. To ensure the local community has access to safe drinking water and to comply with Government of Indonesia (GOI) environmental safety regulations, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia (PT CPI) established a groundwater monitoring system to ensure that slurry waste injection into deep non-potable water aquifers does not contaminate nearby shallower drinking water aquifers. The prevention system also includes well integrity surveillance and monitoring as a leading indicator and water sampling and analysis as a lagging indicator.
Duri Field is in the Rokan block, Riau Province of Indonesia. Oily sand and viscous fluids are byproducts from oil production and treatment processes. The Sand Management Facility (SMF) was developed to manage these solid and liquid wastes by injecting mixed waste slurry under high pressure into deep subsurface formations. The scope of this study included 12 injector wells with two groundwater monitoring wells surrounding each injection well.
Stable isotope monitoring technology is used to ensure that deep waste injection slurry is not mixing with and contaminating shallow drinking water resources. Stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) analysis was used to define the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) of Rokan Watershed defined by equation δ2H = 7.6 δ18O + 10.5 (r2 = 0.921), which is applied as a reference point for isotope studies in SMF area. The stable isotope δ2H samples for groundwater in SMF ranged from −70.5 ‰ to −25.1 ‰ followed by formation and surface waters that respectively ranged from −64.8 ‰ to −48.9 ‰ and from −61.9 ‰ to −20.8 ‰, while δ18O samples ranged from −11.18 ‰ to −2.12 ‰.
After four years of monitoring, δ2H and δ18O results indicate that the shallow groundwater samples are coincident with the reference meteoric water line, which implies these samples originate from rainwater. Surface water samples are consistent with water influenced by evaporation processes. Conversely, samples of produced waters exhibit a distinctly different isotope character compared to the shallow water samples. This suggests that there is no connection and mixing between surface and shallow aquifer with the deeper slurry injection zones.
Stable isotope analysis has proven to be a successful groundwater monitoring technique and is an enabler for continued safe injection of slurry wastes into the deep subsurface. These efforts have been acknowledged by Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) of GOI experts as one of the most advance groundwater monitoring technologies currently in use in the Indonesian oil and gas industry.
Bakteri yang sudah ditumbuhkan dalam media seringkali disimpan dalam suhu dingin non beku (refrigerator) setelah perlakuan atau sebelum perlakuan. Ini dikarenakan keterbatasan waktu dalam menyelesaikan penelitian dan efisiensi baik dari segi media dan waktu dalam pembuatan inokulum untuk percobaan lanjutan sehingga penelitian tentang ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2020 sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2020, di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas sriwijaya, Indralaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu Pembuatan Media Pemurnian, Peremajaan¸Suspensi dan Pengujian Bakteri, Sterilisasi, Pemurnian Bakteri Uji, Peremajaan Bakteri Uji, Pembuatan suspensi bakteri uji, Pengukuran jumlah bakteri secara metode hitungan cawan. waktu penyimpanan inoculum Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus sebelum disimpan (H0) dan setelah disimpan dalam lemari pendingin/ refrigerator (5 oC - 10 oC) dengan variasi penyimpanan selama 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6 dan 7 hari memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai jumlah sel (Standard Plate Count) dan nilai absorban.Kata Kunci: Bakteri; Media; Inokulum; Hitungan Cawan
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