The global infection rate of fungal diseases is increasing year by year, and it has gradually become one of the most serious infectious diseases threatening human health. However, the side effects of antifungal drugs and the fungal resistance to these drugs are gradually increasing. Therefore, the development of new broad-spectrum, safe, and economical alternatives to antibacterial drugs are essential. Probiotics are microorganisms that are beneficial for human health. They boost human immunity, resist pathogen colonization, and reduce pathogen infection. Many investigations have shown their inhibitory activity on a wide range of pathogenic fungi. However, their antibacterial mechanism is still a secret. This article reviews the progress of probiotics as a new method for the treatment of fungal diseases.

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Purpose Candida infection has a high mortality rate, and the increasing prevalence of non- Candida albicans drug resistance in recent years poses a potential threat to human health. Non- Candida albicans has long culture cycles, and its firm cell walls making it difficult to isolate DNA for sequencing. Materials and Methods Fe 3 O 4 @PEI (PEI, polyvinyl imine) was mixed with clinical samples to form Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@non- Candida albicans and enriched them with magnets. Triangular silver nanoplates enhanced the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal. SERS was used to detect the fingerprint spectrum of non-Candida albicans . Then, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to analyze the drug resistance of non- Candida albicans. Results SERS combined with OPLS-DA could well analyze the drug resistance of non- Candida albicans. Through 10-fold-cross validation, the accuracy of training and test data is greater than 99%, indicating that the model has good classification ability. We used SERS for the first time to detect the drug resistance of non- Candida albicans directly. Conclusion This approach can be utilized without causing damage to the cell wall and can be accomplished in as little as 90 minutes. It can provide timely guidance for the treatment of patients with good clinical application potential.

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