With the development of noble gas isotopic geochemistry, a tracing system for noble gas isotopes has gradually been applied to studies of ore fluid origins . As a result, in many metal deposits, mantle-derived He was discovered in ore fluids [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10]12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29]. Mantle He in crustal rocks is intimately related to crust-mantle interaction, and the formation and evolution of mantle magma. Mantle magma not only provides ore fluid for metallogenesis, but also provides heat for the hydrothermal circulation that results in mineralization. Southeastern China is an important area of tungsten and tin metallogenesis, both regionally and globally, with many large, supergiant deposits, such as the Xihuangshan, Dajishan, and Piaotang tungsten deposits in Jiangxi province, the Jubankeng and Yaoling-Meiziwo

The Yaoling tungsten deposit is a typical wolframite quartz vein-type tungsten deposit in the South China metallogenic province. The wolframite-bearing quartz veins mainly occur in Cambrian to Ordovician host rocks or in Mesozoic granitic rocks and are controlled by the west-north-west trending extensional faults. The ore mineralization mainly comprises wolframite and variable amounts of molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fluorite, and tourmaline. Hydrothermal alteration is well developed at the Yaoling tungsten deposit, including greisenization, silicification, fluoritization, and tourmalinization. Three types of primary/pseudosecondary fluid inclusions have been identified in vein quartz, which is intimately intergrown with wolframite. These include two-phase liquid-rich aqueous inclusions (type I), two-or three-phase CO 2 -rich inclusions (type II), and type III daughter mineral-bearing multiphase high-salinity aqueous inclusions. Microthermometric measurements reveal consistent moderate homogenization temperatures (peak values from 200 to 280 C), and low to high salinities (1.3-39 wt % NaCl equiv.) for the type I, type II, and type III inclusions, where the CO 2 -rich type II inclusions display trace amounts of CH 4 and N 2 . The ore-forming fluids are far more saline than those of other tungsten deposits reported in South China. The estimated maximum trapping pressure of the ore-forming fluids is about 1230-1760 bar, corresponding to a lithostatic depth of 4.0-5.8 km. The δD H2O isotopic compositions of the inclusion fluid ranges from −66.7 to −47.8‰, with δ 18 O H2O values between 1.63 and 4.17‰, δ 13 C values of −6.5-0.8‰, and δ 34 S values between −1.98 and 1.92‰, with an average of −0.07‰. The stable isotope data imply that the ore-forming fluids of the Yaoling tungsten deposit were mainly derived from crustal magmatic fluids with some involvement of meteoric water. Fluid immiscibility and fluid-rock interaction are thought to have been the main mechanisms for tungsten precipitation at Yaoling.