Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a refractory autoimmune disease, affecting about 1% of the world’s population. RA is divided into seronegative RA and seropositive RA. However, biomarkers for discriminating between seronegative and seropositive RA have not been reported. In this study, we profiled serum miRNAs in seronegative RA patients (N-RA), seropositive RA patients (P-RA) and healthy controls (HC) by small RNA sequencing. Results indicated that compared with HC group, there were one up-regulated and four downregulated miRNAs in N-RA group (fold change ≥ 2 and P value < 0.05); compared with P-RA group, there were two up-regulated and four downregulated miRNAs in N-RA group; compared with HC group, there were three up-regulated and four downregulated miRNAs in P-RA group. Among them, the level of hsa-miR-362-5p in N-RA group was up-regulated compared with that in HC group and P-RA group, and the level of hsa-miR-6855-5p and hsa-miR-187-3p in P-RA group was upregulated compared with that in N-RA group and HC group. Validation by qPCR confirmed that serum hsa-miR-362-5p level was elevated in N-RA group. Subsequently, by analyzing the target genes using RNAhybrid, PITA, Miranda and TargetScan and functions of differential miRNAs utilizing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we found that the target genes and molecular pathways regulated by miRNAs in seronegative RA and seropositive RA were roughly the same, and miRNAs in these two diseases may participate in the occurrence and development of diseases by regulating the immune system. In conclusion, this study revealed the profiles of serum miRNAs in seronegative and seropositive RA patients for the first time, providing potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of seronegative and seropositive RA.

No abstract

The sea‐land breeze (SLB) occurs regularly in coastal areas and influences the local climate and atmospheric environment. Fifteen‐year observations (2005–2019) from urban, coastal, and marine stations were collected to examine the trend in the number of SLB days (SLBD) in Tianjin, a coastal megacity in China. The number of SLBD in Tianjin generally showed a decreasing trend with an annual average decline rate of 3.89%. The average land breeze speed decreased by 0.20 m·s−1 and sea breeze speed decreased by 0.69 m·s−1 in the examined 15 years. Simultaneously, the distance of influence of SLB in summer was reduced by ∼30 km. The Weather Research and Forecasting model developed with high‐resolution land use data and variations in the sea surface temperature (SST) was applied to investigate the mechanisms leading to the weakening of SLB. The increasing SST led to a reduction in the temperature difference between sea and land, which was found to be the dominant factor driving the weakening of SLB in summer. The changes in the density and height of buildings due to urbanization altered the wind direction in the coastal areas, which in turn drive the reduction of the sea breeze during fall, while increased surface temperature at night in urban areas led to the reduction of the land breeze. With projections indicating ocean warming and increasing urbanization, the SLB will become weaker and occur less frequently in the future, probably leading to more frequent air pollution due to poor ventilation in coastal cities.

Abstract. Isoprene is a crucial non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) that exhibits the largest emissions globally. It is chemically reactive in the atmosphere and serves as the primary source to generate of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in terrestrial and remote marine regions. However, a comprehensive estimation of marine isoprene emissions is currently lacking. Here we built a module to present a twenty-year (2001–2020) global hourly dataset for marine isoprene emissions, including phytoplankton-generated biological emissions (BIO emissions) and photochemistry-generated emissions in the sea surface microlayer (SML emissions) based on the latest advancements in biological, physical, and chemical processes, with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The ERA5-hourly meteorological reanalysis (0.25°×0.25° horizontal spatial resolution) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for the period of 2001–2020 were used as input for meteorological factors. Chlorophyll concentration data and the downwelling radiative flux diffuse attenuation coefficient data were collected from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Ocean Color Web MODIS Level-3 data, with a resolution of 9 km, covering the same period. Additionally, monthly normalized water-leaving radiance at 410 nm data from the Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Our dataset suggests the annual global marine isoprene emissions amount to 1.049 ± 0.009 Tg·yr-1. Among these, the BIO emissions are 0.433 ± 0.007 Tg·yr-1 while SML emissions contribute 0.616 ± 0.003 Tg·yr-1. The ability of this module to estimate marine isoprene emissions was evaluated through comparison with a series of observations of marine isoprene concentrations and emission fluxes. Annual total isoprene emission across tropical ocean shows a declining trend from 2001 to 2020. Most ocean regions exhibit a one-year emission period, whereas a significant intraseasonal period is found in the tropical ocean. This dataset can be employed as input for the simulation of marine SOA formation in earth system models. This work provides the foundation for further studies into the impact of the air-sea system on marine SOA formation and its climate effect. The DOI link for the dataset is http://dx.doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.300521 (Cui and Zhu., 2023).

Delayed skin wound healing and excessive scarring are consequences of an impaired healing process and represent a major health and economic burden worldwide. Current intervention strategies lack efficacy and suffer from high recurrence rates necessitating the investigation into alternative treatment modalities like circular RNAs (circRNAs). By RNA sequencing, we profiled circRNA expression changes during human skin wound healing as well as in keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from donor-matched skin and acute wounds. CircGLIS3 was found to be transiently upregulated in the dermal fibroblasts upon skin injury, which was at least partially due to the activated IL-1 signaling. Similarly, overabundant circGLIS3 expression was detected in human keloid lesions compared to the surrounding healthy skin. We found that circGLIS3 resided mainly in the cytoplasm, where it interacted with and stabilized Procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1 (PCPE-1) protein to enhance TGF-beta signaling, fibroblast activation, and production of extracellular matrix - important biological processes required for wound repair. Accordingly, knockdown of circGLIS3 in human ex vivo wounds potently reduced wound contraction and delayed re-epithelialization. Collectively, we have identified a previously uncharacterized circRNA regulator of human skin wound healing that may open an avenue for circRNA-based therapeutics for abnormal scarring or nonhealing wounds.