There is a need to accurately assess the specific impacts of the various traumatic stressors caused by COVID-19 on mental health. The goal was to evaluate the impact of different types of COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, lockdown, and economic stressors) on mental health and cognitive functioning. We used a sample of 262 Turkish adults. We administered an online questionnaire that included measures of COVID-19 traumatic stressors, PTSD, depression, anxiety, executive function deficits, and cumulative stressors and traumas (CST). The analyses included correlations, hierarchical regression, path analysis, and PROCESS mediation analysis. All COVID-19 traumatic stressors types and their cumulative load predicted PTSD, depression, anxiety, and executive function deficits after controlling for previous cumulative stressors and traumas and COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 lockdown’s stressors were the strongest predictors, compared to COVID-19 fears and economic stressors. Path analysis and PROCESS mediation results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors had direct effects on working memory deficits, direct and indirect effects on PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and indirect effects on inhibition deficits. Anxiety, depression, and inhibition deficits mediated its indirect effects on PTSD. The results have conceptual and clinical implications. COVID-19 continuous posttraumatic stress syndrome that includes comorbid PTSD, depression, anxiety, and executive function deficits is different and does not fit within the current trauma frameworks. There is a need for a paradigm shift in current stress and trauma frameworks to account for the COVID-19 continuous global stressors and for clinical innovations in intervention to help its victims. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01743-2.

The goal is to test the validity of the "Will to exist-live and survive (WTELS) as a master motivator that activates executive functions. A sample of 262 adults administered different measures that included WTELS and executive functions. We conducted hierarchical regressions with working memory deficits (WMD) and inhibition deficits (ID) as dependent variables. We entered in the last steps resilience and WTELS as independent variables. We conducted path analysis with WTELS as independent variables and WMD and ID as outcome variables and resilience and social support as mediating variables. WTELS accounted for the high effect size for lower working memory deficits and medium effect size for lower inhibition deficits. In path analysis, the effects of WTELS on decreased WMD were direct, while its effects on the ID were indirect. PROCESS analysis indicated that WTELS was directly associated with lower depression, anxiety, PTSD, and COVID-19 traumatic stress, and its indirect effects were mediated by lower executive function deficits (Kira et al., Psych 12:992-10242021c). The path model discussed was generally superior to the alternative models and was strictly invariant across genders (male/ female).

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive preoccupation with a perceived defect in one's physical appearance for which the individual persistently seeks medical attention and surgical correction. This preoccupation can be persistent and pervasive, leading to social withdrawal. A dentist may be the first health care worker who has an opportunity to intervene and assist these people in getting treatment. Patients may have unrealistic expectations for certain procedures, so assessing their psychological status is an important part of treatment planning and diagnosis. Patient expectations should be determined, and the ability to provide care that meets those expectations should be discussed. In the case reports, aesthetic treatments with composite resin restorations of three patients with BDD are reported.The cases highlight the need for dentists to be educated on this disorder so that they can recognize and refer accordingly. There is also a need for interdisciplinary interactions between the dentist and the psychologist. (Int Dent Res 2011;3:87-91)

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The objective of this study is to determine the relationships among psychological symptoms, perceived social support and religiosity. Sample group is composed of 250 university students; 155 female, 95 male, The research was designed with a correlational survey model in terms of quantitative research approach. Personal Information Form, Scale of Perceived Social Support, Scale of Religiosity and Brief Symptom Inventory were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical package. In this study, independent samples t-test, pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, it has concluded that female participants have higher levels of anxiety and depression than male participants and that there has a negative relationship between the level of perceived social support from the family and social support perceived from a special person and depression, anxiety, negative self, somatization, and hostility levels. It has been determined that there has a negative relationship between the level of perceived social support from friends and depression and negative selflevels, and that perceived social support from the family has among the predictors of depression, anxiety, negative self, somatization, and hostility levels. Perceived social support from a friends has been found to be one of the predictor of negative self-level. Perceived social support from a particular person has been found to be one of the predictors of anxiety and depression levels. No relationship has been found between the level of religiousness and psychological symptoms. The results obtained have tried to be discussed in the light of the relevant literature and recommendations have been made within the scope of psychology, psychological counseling and guidance practices.