Aims This study aims to analyse the novel Coronavirus disease‐ (COVID‐19) related testicular pain in hospitalised patients because of COVID‐19 and to review as an aetiological factor for epididymitis, orchitis or both. Methods A total of 91 patients were included in the study. A questionnaire was formed for the questioning of testicular pain or epididymo‐orchitis in patients with COVID‐19. Demographics and past medical history was also recorded. Patients’ neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratios (NLR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and D‐dimer values were recorded. Patients with COVID‐19 were divided into two groups according to absence or presence of testicular pain or epididymo‐orchitis as group 1 and group 2. All results were compared for both groups. Results The median age of patients was similar in both groups. Testicular pain was occurred in 10.98% of the patients. Clinical presentation of epididymo‐orchitis was diagnosed in only one patient. No statistically significant difference was reported in terms of patients’ age, levels of CRP and D‐Dimer or NLR and results of questionnaire form queries between the two groups (P > .05). Conclusion Testicular pain was observed more frequently in hospitalised COVID‐19 cases. While no inflammation marker which is related to predict of testicular pain or epididymo‐orchitis was found in patients with COVID‐19.

Aims: This study aims to analyze the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related testicular pain in hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and to review as an etiological factor for epididymitis, orchitis or both. Methods: A total of 91 patients were included in the study. A questionnaire was formed for the questioning of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis in patients with COVID-19. Demophrahics and past medical history was also recorded. Patients' neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophillymphocyte ratios (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and D-dimer values were recorded. Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two groups according to absence or presence of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis as group 1 and group 2. All results were compared for both groups. Results: The median age of patients was similar in both groups. Testicular pain was occured in 10.98% of the patients. Clinical presentation of epididymo-orchitis was diagnosed in only one patient. No statistically significant difference was reported in terms of patients' age, levels of CRP and D-Dimer or NLR and results of questionnaire form queries between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Testicular pain was observed more frequently in hospitalized COVID-19 cases. While no inflammation marker which is related to predict of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis was found in patients with COVID-19.

Aim We evaluated the COVID‐19 infection threat in patients receiving intravesical BCG therapy which has immunotherapeutic effects and is of vital importance in most of the individuals with high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and investigated the need for postponement of this therapy. Methods A total of 71 patients, who were diagnosed with high‐risk NMIBC and on intravesical BCG treatment regularly (induction or maintenance), were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into two groups depending on whether they were diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the pandemic period or not. Results Of 71 patients, 26 underwent a COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction test with clinical suspicion during the pandemic period. Of these 26 patients, 4 were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Age of the patients, working status (working/retired), compliance with containment measures against the pandemic, number of BCG courses, adverse effects after BCG therapy and systemic immune‐inflammation index, which is an inflammation‐related parameter, were not different between groups (P > .05). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 positive group (P < .05). COVID‐19 positivity was higher in age groups 50‐64 (6.6%) and 65‐80 (5.8%) years than that in similar age groups of the normal population. Conclusion Every effort should be made to administer intravesical BCG treatment in high‐risk NMIBC patients even during the pandemic period. However, increased risk of COVID‐19 transmission should be kept in mind and protective measures against COVID‐19 for healthcare providers and patients before the procedure should be taken optimally. The procedure should be postponed in patients with lymphopenia in recent complete blood count.

Bu çalışmada periyodik muayene amacıyla polikliniğimize başvuran erkek askeri personelin cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar (CYBH) hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri, partner sayıları, kondom kullanım verileri ve sosyodemografik değişkenlerin bu verilere olan etkileri araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Haziran 2018-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında Ürolojik hastalık geçmişi veya aktif şikayeti olmayıp, periyodik muayene için kliniğimize başvuran 2314 kişiden, 1107 gönüllü erkek katıldı. Katılımcılara kişisel tanıtıcı bilgi anketi ve 40 soruluk STI/HIV Pretest'ten Türkçe'ye valide edilen Cinsel Yolla Bulaşan Hastalıklar ile İlgili Bilgi Testi (CYBH Bilgi Testi) yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışma grubu 19 ile 42 yaş arasında erkeklerden oluşmakta olup yaş ortalaması 24.8±7.08 idi. Katılımcıların %93.5'i 20-29 yaş grubu olup, %76.5'i üniversite mezunu, %86.4'ü bekâr idi. Katılımcıların % 98.5'i CYBH ile ilgili bilgi sahibi olduğunu bildirmiştir. Çalışma grubumuzun tamamı cinsel aktif çağda olmasına rağmen yaklaşık %54'ünün son bir yıl içerisinde cinsel ilişki yaşadığı görülmektedir. Son bir yıl içerisinde cinsel ilişkide bulunan grubun %79.1'i CYBH' dan korunma amacıyla kondom kullanmıştır. Bu grubun partner sayısı ile kondom kullanımının korelasyonuna bakıldığında; partner sayısı artışı ile kondom kullanım

OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine which method gives the most consistent results between urethral monopolar cauterization and standard urethral partial ligation methods for the urethral obstruction model. METHODS: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into control, partial ligation, and monopolar cauterization groups. Six weeks after experimental procedures, the experimental groups were evaluated cystometrically, biochemically, and histologically. RESULTS: According to the cystometric results, bladder capacity, baseline bladder pressure, and compliance data of the monopolar cauterization group were higher than those of the partial ligation and monopolar cauterization groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). As a biochemical evaluation, malondialdehyde levels in bladder tissues of group control were higher than partial ligation and monopolar cauterization groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The collagen type I level of the control group was higher than the partial ligation and monopolar cauterization groups (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Collagen type III levels of the monopolar cauterization group were higher than those of the control group (p<0.01), but the Collagen type I/Collagen type III and transforming growth factor-β levels of the monopolar cauterization group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.001). As a histological evaluation (hematoxylin and eosin), fibrosis in the lamina propria was more prominent in the monopolar cauterization group than in the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the muscular thickness was higher in the monopolar cauterization group compared with control and partial ligation groups (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: The needle-tipped monopolar cauterization of the posterior urethra may be the method of choice for creating a chronic infravesical obstruction model of infravesical obstruction in male rats.