This study explored the effect of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) on the teaching of selfreliance skills for sustainable entrepreneurship development amongst undergraduate Social Studies students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Three (3) research objectives, questions and null hypotheses guided the study. A quasi-experimental research design was employed. The Self Reliance Skills Performance Test (SERSIT) was used for data collection. Mean, standard deviation, t-test and two-way ANOVA statistics were used. The findings revealed that a significant difference exists between the mean academic performance and retention scores of undergraduate students taught self-reliance skills using CAI and those taught using conventional methods. No significant difference was found between the mean academic performance scores of undergraduate students taught self-reliance skills using CAI in relation to gender and ownership. Based on the findings, it was recommended, amongst others thing, that subsequent curriculum review in Social Studies should accommodate the dynamism of CAI atall levels. This will promote a student-centred instructional approach, autonomy in knowledge acquisition and self-discovery learning to ensure sustainable entrepreneurship development in Kaduna state.

Purpose: This paper focused on livelihood vulnerability induced by climatic variability amongst farming households in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Methodology: The research used a sample population of 400 using Taro Yamane formula which represents about 0.05% of the population of the three selected local government areas and it purposively targeted farming households heads (FHHH) in one of each of the three eco-climatic zones in the state. Kagarko, BirninGwari and Makarfi local government areas were based on their eco-climatic location and rurality to represent humid, sub-humid and dry sub humid zones of the state respectively. A multi stage sampling technique was further adopted in which farming districts and villages were selected for the administration of 400 structured questionnaires proportionately distributed proportionately to the three local government areas. The Department for International Development (DFID) sustainable livelihoods framework was adopted in the design of the structured questionnaires. Coefficient of Variation (CV %) was deployed to determine the variability of rainfall and temperature of the three eco-climatic zones of the past thirty six years (1981-2016) which was employed into the Micah Hahn’s Livelihood Vulnerability Index model.The results show that Kagarko (humid) had a CV% of 105.43 of rainfall, 9.06 CV% of maximum temperature and CV% of 17.63 in minimum temperature. BirninGwari (sub-humid) had a CV% of 119.64 in rainfall, CV% of 14.17 in maximum temperature and CV% of 15.92 in minimum temperature while Makarfi (dry sub-humid) had a CV% of 124.71 in rainfall, CV%  of 9.72 in maximum temperature and 16.29 CV% in minimum temperature. The livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) of Kagarko was calculated to be 0.35, Makarfi and BirninGwari were calculated to be 0.36 respectively and vulnerability spider diagrams were used to capture and compare results. On a vulnerability scale of 0-1, the three eco-climatic zones were found to be very vulnerable to climatic variability. The paper has proved the applicability of Co-efficient of Variation (CV %) into the LVI model which is a departure from previous users who have consistently deployed Mean Standard Deviation into the model. Results: This study will serve as a spring board to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets on vulnerable communities in Kaduna state. It is discovered that farmers in Makarfi and BirninGwari, even though in different eco-climatic zones of sub-humid and dry sub humid zones respectively, share equal level of livelihood vulnerability index of 0.36 while Kagarko area which is in humid zone, is having 0.35. These indicated that all the areas are within the very vulnerable values on a vulnerability scale of 0-1. The vulnerability levels of the study area can be attributed to weak Natural, Financial and Physical capitals. Recommendations: The paper recommended Integrated Farmers’ Livelihoods Support Strategy (IFLISS) so as to build the resilience of farming households’ livelihood capitals and reduce vulnerability levels.

The Niger state government has a vision to be among the top three most developed state in Nigeria by year 2020. This vision is encapsulated in the Niger state Vision 3:2020. The state government hope to achieve this Vision through harnessing her agricultural potential to address the development challenges of the state, especially in the areas of food security, unemployment and the high poverty incidence in the state. This goal was to be achieved through the agricultural sector's Medium term Sector Strategy (MTSS). This study therefore seek to ascertain the ways in which the Niger state agricultural sector's MTSS, 2016-2018, has addressed the development challenges of the state. The study is an empirical study, which collected evidence using quantitative research techniques. The quantitative research method adopted for this study is the survey research. Findings of the study revealed that the Niger state agricultural sector's MTSS, 2016-2018, had a positive effect on the agricultural sector of Niger state, as it was able to achieve most of its objectives with the exception of poverty reduction in the state. The study thus recommend that subsequent agricultural development programs should focus on post-harvest management of the agricultural sector with the objective of increasing the incomes of farmers and other producers in the agricultural value chain of Niger state, in order to address the poverty incidence in the state. To this end, the Niger State Commodity and Export Promotion Agency (NSCEPA) Act 2010 should be reviewed to empower the Agency to play significant role in this regard.