No abstract

The United Nations has declared a global sand crisis, called for reduced sand consumption, and proposed solutions to address the crisis, including adopting sustainable substitutes for sand. The construction industry is a major consumer of sand, yet a recent study found a very low level of awareness by stakeholders of the crisis. The purpose of this study is to assess the familiarity of construction industry stakeholders with 27 sand substitute materials, grouped into five components that emerged from a factor analysis. Data were collected using a survey designed by the authors. Respondents consisted of 156 construction industry professionals located in 35 US states and 7 Canadian provinces. Stakeholders were classified according to a framework considering the level of power and interest of each stakeholder in sustainable construction projects. Hypotheses of no differences in awareness for two types of stakeholder groups were generally supported. First, no differences were found for decision makers responsible for ordering sand vs. non-decision makers. Second, for professional roles, academics were more familiar with some substitutes than those in other roles. The article concludes with implications for research and practice, with recommendations on how to increase awareness of sand substitutes among stakeholders in the construction industry.

No abstract

No abstract

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strike-slip faults play an important role in basin formation and igneous activities in eastern China and the adjacent areas. Because of the lack of seismic data, their distribution and effect on the formation of basins and igneous activities in the Subei-South Yellow Sea Basin (SB-SYSB) are still poorly understood. In this study, based on systematic analyses of the acquired seismic data, the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strike-slip faults in the SB-SYSB were identified and characterized. The strike-slip faults can be divided into two sets, a NE-NNE trending sinistral strike-slip fault system and a NW trending dextral fault system. They present in seismic sections as a flower structure or Y/V-shaped structure, respectively. In map view, they show horsetail splay faults, en echelon reverse faults, pull-apart structure, linear structure, or curvilinear structure. These faults resulted in different types of subbasins in the SB-SYSB, such as transpressional/transtensional subbasins and pull-apart subbasins. The close relationship between the strike-slip faults and the distribution of igneous rocks in the SB-SYSB suggest that the strike-slip faults probably acted as efficient pathways for magma intrusion during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. The sinistral displacement was characterized by thrusting-folding deformation structures, which show a tendency to decrease toward the Sulu orogenic belt, indicating that the Sulu orogenic belt has probably weakened the strike-slip movement in the basin. We infer that the sinistral strike-slip movement in the SB-SYSB was most likely controlled by the subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate and the Tan-Lu strike-slip faulting.