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Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of EC have increased. B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is an anti-proliferation gene that regulates the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, but there is no research regarding this gene in EC. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we used a variety of bioinformatics tools and databases to explore the expression and prognosis of BTG1. We verified expression and prognosis of BTG1 in EC using qRT-PCR and analyzed the relevant clinicopathological parameters. We functionally enriched BTG1 and related genes in EC patients through the bioinformatics website and analyzed miRNA targets of BTG1 and interacting protein networks. Cell proliferation, wound healing, transwell invasion, and cell apoptosis assays were used to detect the effects of BTG1 on the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma cells (ECCs). The effect of BTG1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was detected using western blot. Results We analyzed the expression and prognosis of BTG1 based on TCGA and found that low expression of BTG1 was associated with poor EC prognosis. The qRT-PCR suggested that BTG1 had low expression in EC. BTG1 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) shortening. Clinicopathological analysis suggested that expression of BTG1 was related to invasion depth and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. EC pathological tissue type, fertility history, lymphatic metastasis, menopause, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and age of diagnosis were not related. Functional enrichment analysis showed that BTG1 plays an important role in regulating embryonic development, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Biological behavior experiments suggest that BTG1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECCs, and promotes apoptosis of ECCs. Western blot indicated that BTG1 inhibited the EMT process of ECCs. Conclusions BTG1, as a tumor suppressor gene, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EC. We believe that BTG1 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for EC.

The existence of abrupt change points in mechanical equipment degradation leads to inaccuracies in the prediction of its residual life. We propose a real-time residual life prediction method based on kernel density estimation (KDE) considering the influence of abrupt change points. First, a non-parametric cumulative sum method is used to detect abrupt change points in the degradation process. Then, integral mean square error is used to determine the abrupt change in the sample number that affects the accuracy of KDE. The weight coefficient is adaptively allocated according to the change in sample numbers relative to the minimum sample number before and after the abrupt change point in real-time monitoring. This method considers abrupt change states in the degradation process and uses KDE, which does not make model structure assumptions or parameter estimations for the degradation process. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified using the gear wear degradation data and compared with the real-time residual life prediction method based on KDE without considering the impact of the abrupt change point. The results show that this method can track the dynamic changes of a system more quickly and improve the accuracy of real-time residual life prediction.

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