Thermosensitive sterile lines are natural materials for exploring the effects of anther development on male fertility. To study the possible molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity during the induction of male sterility, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses with tandem mass tags (TMTs) were used to study the binucleate anther of the thermosensitive sterile wheat line YS3038. A total of 9072 proteins, including 5019 phosphoproteins, were identified. Enrichment analyses of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and phosphoproteins (DAPPs) in metabolic pathways showed that both were mainly related to energy metabolism. Soluble sugar and ATP content were significantly decreased, free fatty acid content was significantly increased, and ROS was abnormally accumulated in male sterile YS3038-A. In addition, 233 kinase–substrate pairs involved in potential phosphorylation control networks were predicted to regulate fertility. Candidate proteins were identified, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to validate the TMT results. TaPDCD5 is likely to be involved in fertility conversion of YS3038 by barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS). Our data provide new insights into the mechanism of TCMS, which has value for identifying potential candidate proteins associated with the formation or abortion of pollen and promotion of wheat heterosis utilization.

Aiming at the problem of low localization accuracy in Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm, a localization algorithm based on adaptive PSO algorithm was proposed for wireless sensor networks. First of all, through single jumped average error correction average distance, and then using the average jump from receiving much of the anchor node estimate the distance between the nodes, to optimize estimated distance, the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the position of the unknown node coordinates obtained by least square method, avoid APSO algorithm using adaptive operator algorithm trapped in local optimum, and get the global optimal. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than DV-Hop algorithm and PSO-DVHop algorithm in positioning accuracy under different anchor ratio, node number and communication radius.

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