Background: Mood disorders refer to those whose main symptom is a change in mood or affect, altering animosity and the way of feeling, thinking and behaving. Since the 1970s, a number of primary studies have pointed to lithium's effectiveness in reducing the risk of suicide. Objectives: To carry out an integrative review of the literature on the efficacy of lithium in preventing suicide risk in patients with mood disorders. Methodology: Integrative review, which used the descriptors “lithium”, “prevention” and “suicide” in the LILACS, SciELO and PUBMED databases. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English, of the randomized clinical trial type, between 2000 and 2022, indexed in the chosen databases and available for full reading. The research was carried out according to the PRISMA flowchart for integrative and systematic reviews. Six articles were selected for review. Results and Discussion: Three studies showed that lithium did not reduce suicide attempts in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) or major depression. Differences in lithium doses, sociodemographic conditions, type of control group and type of mood disorder may cause the results to be discrepant when compared with each other. Conclusion: Although lithium is used to prevent suicidal behavior in patients with mood disorders, the studies analyzed showed divergent results regarding its effectiveness in this group.

IntroductionSleep disorders are a class of diseases that affect the natural sleep-wake cycle mechanism, regulated mainly by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which, when activated, initiates an alert response to threatening or stressful events. Such dysregulations set is capable of negatively affects the quality of sleep and productivity, either due to insufficient sleep or ineffectiveness of rest. These changes are traditionally treated by the use of drugs. However, new interventions such as the use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation may represent an alternative to the common treatment. ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of tDCS as a non-pharmacological option to improve sleep quality. MethodsThe analysis followed the PRISMA methodology guidelines. This research was performed in the Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme and Pubmed repositories, using three descriptors: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Treatment and Sleep Disorders. Data collection was limited to the last five years and the English language. 48 works were found, of which 06 accorded the inclusion criteria, evaluated by three reviewers. ResultsIt was identified that 66.7% of the selected articles directly analyze the use of tDCS to the treatment of sleep disorders, either directly or as a consequence of secondary pathologies (migraine, fibromyalgia, HIV, anxiety and depression). In these studies, improvements were observed related to overall sleep efficiency and quality, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep time prolongation, evaluated using specific parameters such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). ConclusionThe use of tDCS in the treatment of sleep disorders is effective as an auxiliary source in the treatment of this group of diseases, ensuring the resumption of patients' quality of life by improving the quality and time of sleep. However, there is a need for further studies in order to evaluate the best ways to apply the technique, enabling understanding of the parameters of use related to the number and time of sessions, voltage value, anatomical region and possible effects on secondary pathologies. Keywords: Sleep disorders, Treatment, tDCS.

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O aumento do uso de psicoestimulantes por estudantes saudáveis tem gerado questionamentos acerca dos efeitos para o aumento da performance acadêmica. Com isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a efetividade dessas drogas no aumento da performance acadêmica em pessoas saudáveis. Direcionada com auxílio de descritores verificados no Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECS) e no Medical Subject Headings (MESH) de acordo com cada base de dados. Para a produção do artigo, foram realizadas buscas nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science, National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (PUBMED). Foram selecionados como critérios de inclusão: responder à pergunta-alvo e estar escrito em português ou inglês. Como resultado, foram obtidos 13 estudos. Após análise, observou-se um estudo que reuniu dados de pesquisa on-line para documentar o benefício acadêmico percebido do NPS e sua relação com tal prática (nonmedical use of prescription stimulants- uso de estimulantes sem prescrição médica), em que 28,6% dos usuários concordaram que o NPS poderia melhorar o desempenho acadêmico, e outros 38,0% não tinham certeza. Notou-se também que padrões de consumo de bebida e cannabis estavam mais associados ao NPS. Além disso, associou-se o uso do metilfenidato à melhora da memória de longo prazo, contudo, os resultados mostraram-se conflitantes. Assim, faz-se necessário o seguimento de novas pesquisas, visando intensificar a disseminação de informações acerca dos riscos da automedicação e promover ações com enfoque na saúde mental dos acadêmicos.