Autonomous (or unmanned) haulage systems have been used in surface mining for more than 10 years. Most of the equipment at such mines is remotely controlled by electronics, for which they are sometimes called “smart mines”. The elimination of the “human factor” from the pro- duction process should theoretically increase its safety and productivity, as well as reduce the operating costs of its implementation. However, despite the obvious advantages of this technology, it is not spreading as fast as ex- pected. This suggests that there are a number of problems that limit its de- velopment. In this paper, a review and analysis of the experience in the in- dustrial implementation of autonomous haulage in surface mining is car- ried out in order to identify existing problems and possible directions for their further development. The prerequisites, a brief history and some im- portant results of the introduction of autonomous haulage systems in sur- face mining, their main types and constituent elements are outlined, as well as the existing problems and expected directions of their development are highlighted.

Одной из основных проблем экскаваторно-автомобильных комплексов (ЭАК) разрезов является достаточно низкий уровень качества их работы. Мощным средством повышения качества функционирования ЭАК является его оптимизация, осуществляемая по логико-математической модели, включающей целевую функцию и ограничения, накладываемые спецификой работы ЭАК и внешней горной средой. В качестве целевого критерия выбран обобщенный показатель качества функционирования ЭАК; в качестве оптимизируемых параметров-основные показатели качества ЭАК. В настоящее время разработана математическая модель оптимизации (ММО). Следующим этапом является ее исследование. Цель работы. Оптимизация показателей работы ЭАК разрезов Кузбасса по критерию качества. Методы исследования. Использованы современные методы сбора и обработки данных, математического моделирования, анализа и синтеза. Результаты. На основе разработанной математической модели оптимизации показателей качества функционирования ЭАК проведены исследование вопроса и анализ результатов моделирования. Установлено, что для достижения высокого качества работы ЭАК разрезов Кузбасса соотношение интенсивностей поступления самосвалов под погрузку и обслуживания их экскаваторами (функциональный критерий качества) должно быть минимально повышено на 25-30% и составлять 1,0±0,1; соотношение численности автотранспортного и экскаваторного парков-не менее 6,5; время загрузки самосвала экскаватором-в пределах 3,5-4 мин; продолжительность рейса самосвала-24-28 мин, что при расстояниях транспортирования горной массы 3-3,5 км позволяет повысить качество функционирования ЭАК разреза не менее чем на 30-35%. Ключевые слова: экскаваторно-автомобильные комплексы; критерий качества эксплуатации; оптимизация показателей.

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Stripping and mining operations at open-pit coal mines are performed mainly by heavy shovel-truck systems (STS). One of the main problems of the STS is a rather low level of its operation quality, an objective assessment of which is an important step in identifying the causes of low quality and effective ways to improve it. The purpose of assessing the STS operation quality is defined as a functional criterion. The next important step of the assessment is to choose the set of indicators that most characterize the STS operation quality. In this article we present the rationale, the general principles for the formation of quality indicators set, the sources and the main dependencies for its determination. For this purpose, modern methods of data collection and processing, analysis and synthesis are used. The ability to assess the STS operation quality is very important for identifying the main directions of improving its operational performance, reaching the optimization of the key performance indicators by the quality criterion, and, as a result, for the possible saving of material and technical resources in the open-pit mining of minerals.

Loading and transport operations at open-pit mines are performed mainly by heavy loading & transport systems (LTS). One of the main problems of the LTS is a rather low level of its operation quality, mainly due to the imbalanced influence of various factors on the efficiency of the joint operation of shovels and trucks as parts of the LTS. In this article we formulate, derive and analyze a functional criterion for assessing the LTS operation quality at open-pit mines. The rationale, general principles of the functional criterion formation, its general form for mixed (heterogeneous) truck and shovel fleets, which are typical for modern mining LTSs, are presented. For this purpose, modern methods of data collection and processing, mathematical modeling, analysis and synthesis are used. The possibility of assessing the LTS operation quality is very important for identifying the main directions of improving its operational performance and operation quality, for reaching an optimization of the key performance indicators by the quality criterion, and, as a result, for a possible saving of resources during the open-pit mining of minerals.