Conventional methods of electrobioimpedance imaging are not suited for adequate visualization of the skin electrical impedance landscape (SEL) because they do not provide high spatial resolution at large enough area of view. The skin electrodynamics introscopy (SEI) enabled dynamic spectral imaging of the SEL at 32 × 64 mm area with 1 mm spatial resolution. The focus of the study was to investigate the SEL distinguishing features between early and advanced-stage cancer at the model object of melanoma and its satellite. The analysis of the test-induced SEL metamorphoses was carried out at the periods of blood-stop and blood-restoration. It was found that the young tumor could be reliably visualized and distinguished by its antiphase hypoxia-induced response as compared to that of the advanced one. In response to the blood-restoration, an appearance of newly formed SEL clusters pointed out apparently at vascular abnormalities associated with the tumor. Similar SEL clusterization can be supposedly expected in response to any other test factors which affect cell permeability or/and blood viscosity. The proposed approach might be useful for more thorough mapping and staging malignancies.

Synchronization is a universal phenomenon that occurs at all levels of the existence of living and inanimate matter. Shortly after enabling monitoring of the electrical impedance landscape of the skin, such phenomena were detected as dynamic clusters with in-phase and anti-phase dynamics. The behavior of these clusters turned out to be very sensitive to various endogenous and exogenous factors and was especially pronounced, for example, at the melanoma areas. Hypothesis of the acid-base balance fluctuations have been put forward as one of the most likely mechanisms for this phenomenon, since hydrogen ions are one of the main factors that determine tissue electrical conductivity. The purpose of this study was to obtain experimental evidence for this hypothesis. The 2D dynamics of glycolysis metabolism was studied on a yeast model as an adequate model of cancer cells. The image sequences reflected the dynamics of processes occurring at the intercellular and intracellular levels, in the form of current values of the 2D active and capacitive components of the impedance in the range of 2 kHz and 1 MHz. As a test factor, a single drop of glucose was used. The revealed effects of clusterization were found similar to those obtained earlier in human experiments. Specifically, these effects were also clearly manifested in the affected region. At the same time, the intercellular medium turned out to be the most rapidly responsive, while the intracellular response occurred with a significant delay but without so marked manifestations of anti-phase behavior. The observed effects are presumably a macroscopic manifestations of quorum sensing mechanisms and cooperative wave processes. We believe that the developed technology can be used as an inexpensive and non-invasive tool for both In vivo and In vitro real-time pH monitoring.

Background: So far there is no confidence in the basics of acupoint/meridian phenomena, specifically in spatial and temporal electrical manifestations in the skin.Methods: Using the skin electrodynamic introscopy, the skin areas of 32 × 64 mm² were monitored for spectral electrical impedance landscape with spatial resolution of 1 mm, at 2 kHz and 1 MHz frequencies. The detailed baseline and 2D test-induced 2 kHz-impedance phase dynamics and the 4-parameter time plots of dozens of individual points in the St32-34 regions were examined in a healthy participant and a patient with mild gastritis. Non-thermal stimuli were used: (1) (for the sick subject), microwaves and ultraviolet radiation applied alternately from opposite directions of the meridian; and (2) (for the healthy one) microwaves to St17, and cathodic/anodic stimulation of the outermost St45, alternately.Results: In both cases, the following phenomena have been observed: emergence of in-phase and/or antiphase coherent structures, exceeding the acupoint conditional size of 1 cm; collective movement along the meridian; reversible with a reversed stimulus; counter-directional dynamics of both whole structures and adjacent points; local abnormalities in sensitivity and dynamics of the 1 MHz and 2 kHz parameters indicating existence of different waveguide paths.Conclusion: It is assumed that these findings necessitate reconsideration of some basic methodological issues regarding neurogenic/acupuncture points as spatial and temporal phenomena; this requires development of an appropriate approach for identifying the acuzones patterns. These findings may be used for developing new approaches to personalized/controlled therapy/treatment.