The article presents the results of experimental studies of the air heating efficiency in heliocollectors with different surface forms developed in order to justify their use in equipment for active ventilation of grain and feed raw materials.

The article presents information on surfactants. Given their complete classification, methods of obtaining glaringly surface-active substances (surfactants). A list of surfactants concerning natural and synthetic substances is presented. Proven to be the most promising (cheap) production method of surface-active substances is transesterification oils and fats as the most simple in technological implementation. Presents the results of a study of the effect of surfactants on the protective, flavouring and structural properties of foods. Identified a number of features in the character of interaction of components in the system of food and processing industry – surface-active substance. Methods of obtaining distillation emulsifiers of glycerol fatty acids and transesterification of triglycerides with glycerol are investigated. The main physico-mechanical properties of glycerine all grades. There is a need to obtain surfactants synthetically. Analyzed the technology of production of new method ethanols emulsifiers of dietary fats by distillation of low molecular weight acids with ethyl alcohol and subsequent transesterification dietary fat. Describes the technologically-line of obtaining these emulsifiers T – 1 and T – F. Details are given broad temperature regimes of the process. Describes the manufacturing process of the monoglycerides and their derivatives, obtained by separation of the mixture of reaction products of glycerol, unreacted, digald and products of side reactions by centrifugation and molecular distillation. The technological schemes of obtaining all kinds of monoglycerides and the process of molecular distillation as a method of fractional distillation of high molecular weight liquids are considered.

In this paper, a new method using the experimental results is proposed to determine the rheological characteristics of glycerin purification by a vibrocentric machine. The experimental testings are reported based on the values of the unilateral deformation of the glycerin under different process modes. The Kelvin-Voight model is used for rheological modeling of the proposed vibrocentric purification of glycerin. A new compression device is presented for the experimental studies, which is useful to simulate different technological processing mods. The behavior of glycerin during the centrifugation and vibrationally separation could be simulated using the introduced compression device. Test results show that a 15 % increase in the deformation of the glycerin is achievable using the simultaneous vibration-based and centrifugation processes. The impacts of amplitude-frequency parameters of glycerin purification using the vibrocentric process on the stress, strain, and strain rate have been studies. The obtained test results illustrate that the specified rheological characteristics increase sharply due to the resonant mode of the vibrating machine’s operation.

The considered effective way of processing by-products of biofuel production. The increase in the productivity of the technological line is achieved through the introduction of new vibration equipment for the primary purification of raw glycerin. This study proposes a new approach to determine the efficient operation of a new machine, which is useful for the purification of glycerol based on the combinatorial process of centrifugation and vibration separation. The mathematical mechanical-rheological evaluations are developed based on the experimental results. Has been proposed to evaluate the rheological characteristics of raw glycerin purification based on the experimental testing. A compression device has been used to determine the value of the unilateral deformation of this material, which allows simulating a condition of a material at various technological modes of processing. In this study, the changes of material properties under centrifugation and vibration separation processes in a vibrocentric machine have been investigated. At a choice of optimum technological parameters of processing of food masses by means of vibration methods of rheology are widely applied. In particular, the interaction of the working body of the machine with the treated environment. In order to find the optimal parameters of the technological regime, the process was considered comprehensively from the standpoint of mechanics and rheology. The methods of mechanics describe the interaction of the working body with the treated environment as a mechanical object; rheology, in turn, allows you to reveal the internal processes in the environment. The system under study can be attributed to the elastic-viscous medium, which is described by a phenomenological model consisting of interconnected elastic and viscous elements.

Constructive improvement of mobile energy means, in particular their main unit - the internal combustion engine, is directed on: maintenance of differentiation of size of parameters of functioning of mechanisms of systems depending on variability of conditions and modes of operation of cars; increase of technical resource at use of cars on purpose in the set operating conditions. The existing methods and tools for diagnosing vehicle engines do not fully determine their current technical condition, which requires the development of mathematical models to automate the process of diagnosing their components and parts was found іn the analysis of literature sources. The object of diagnosis is a diesel internal combustion engine of the YaMZ-238 family, which is part of the power unit of most vehicles. Mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing internal combustion engines of the YaMZ-238 family is presents in the article. Replacing real technical devices with their idealized models allows the widespread use of various mathematical methods. In this case, the internal combustion engine of the YaMZ-238 family, as the object of diagnosis, is presented in the form of a «black box», the input and output parameters of which have a finite set of values. In general, the mathematical model is a system of functional relationships between each diagnostic signal and structural parameters. For internal combustion engines of the YaMZ-238 family, a diagnostic matrix has been compiled, which includes a list of faults and signs of faults. It is determined that the process of diagnosis based on the model of the diagnostic object is possible if the inverse transformation of the number of signs of malfunctions into the number of structural parameters (malfunctions) of the object was unambiguous. The proposed mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing internal combustion engines of the family YaMZ-238 will detect faults of components and parts depending on their characteristics.