AbstractThe paper analyses certain aspects of organic agriculture and emphasises the need for an integrated approach in its research. The necessity of using ecologically safe agricultural production as a component of the development of modern civilized states is pointed out in the paper. The method of direct conductometry has been used to study the total mineral composition of plowed soils, which is considered as a component of “green” chemistry methods. The electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts of arable soils, in which mineral and organic fertilizers are applied, is measured. The obtained data vary between 10 and 220 μS. In the paper, for the first time, the regularities of fluctuations of the data of electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts of arable soils, in which various plant cultures had been grown, were revealed and mineral nitrogen fertilizers or organic fertilizers were introduced. Lower data of electrical conductivity are characteristic of plowed soils, in which mineral fertilizers are applied, which indirectly indicates their depletion. The advantage of using organic fertilizers as a necessary component of organic agriculture has been confirmed. It is noted that a promising area of the research is a complete use of an integrated approach to the organic agriculture being farmed in various European countries.

The main aims of this study are to assess numerically the mitigation effects caused by the solid wall installed at the fueling station in order to protect personnel from the consequences of the emergent gas explosion, evaluate the optimal location of the wall and choose the appropriate material the wall have to be made of in order not to be destructed. A three-dimensional mathematical model of an explosion of hydrogen-air cloud is used. A computer technology how to define the personnel damage probability fields on the basis of probit analysis of the explosion wave is developed. The mathematical model takes into account the complex terrain and three-dimensional non-stationary nature of the shock wave propagation process. The model allows obtaining time-spatial distribution of damaging factors (overpressure in the shock wave front and the compression phase impulse) required to determine the three-dimensional non-stationary damage probability fields based on probit analysis. The developed computer technology allows to carry out an automated analysis of the safety situation at the fueling station and to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different types of material the protective facilities made of.

В даній роботі представлено аналіз існуючих методик оцінки професійних ризиків. Було розроблено матрицю для оцінки величини професійного ризику та удосконалено методику Міжнародної організації праці для оцінки професійного ризику. Було розроблено п’ять рівнів серйозності наслідків, п’ять рівнів вірогідності шкоди для працівника та величину ризику від мінімального значення 1 (знехтуваний ризик) до максимального – 10 (критичний ризик). Для визначення величини ризиків, які заподіяні фізичними, хімічними, біологічними факторами небезпеки, частотою виникнення нещасного випадку, не-доліками в ергономіці та психологічними перенавантаженнями було розроблено критерії для матриць. Наслідки заподіяної шкоди можуть бути: незначні, легкі, середні, тяжкі та катастрофічні. Удосконалена методика дає можливість врахувати катастрофічні наслідки, які можуть настати під час надзвичайної ситуації, такої як пожежа, вибух, аварія, катастрофа та ін. Вірогідність професійних ризиків може бути: XS – від «eXtra Small» – дуже мала, S – від «Small» – мала, M – від «Medium» – середня, L – від «Large» – велика, XL – від «eXtra Large» – дуже велика та XXL – від «eXtra eXtra Large» – дуже-дуже велика. Удосконалена методика визначає: знехтуваний, малозначний, малий, помірний, прийнятний, допустимий, значимий, недопустимий, максимальний та критичний ризик. Удосконалену методику оцінки професійних ризиків було випробувано на молочному комбінаті. Було встановлено адекватність і точність результатів визначення величини професійного ризику удосконаленої методики порівняно з результатами існуючої. Для підвищення рівня охорони праці були запропоновані та впровадженні заходи з управління професійними ризиками.

No abstract

The issue of the essence and peculiarities of international legal and organizational and technical regulation of the sphere of safety and occupational hygiene was considered. The significance of the reasons and prerequisites, which collectively led to a renewed understanding of the activities of the International Labor Organization and the sphere of occupational safety and hygiene in today's complex conditions, was noted. It was found that the fundamental basis of the modern activity of this organization was the study of fundamental principles and rights in the world of work. The place of the fundamental conventions of the ILO in the implementation of principles and rights in the field of labor is defined. The directives that form the legal basis of the European Union in the field of human health and safety at work are defined. Two types of auxiliary normative documents of different nature are considered, which are considered relevant for taking into account important aspects of labor activity. The conclusion regarding the current state and prospects for the development of the fundamental principles of international legal and organizational and technical regulation of occupational safety and hygiene is substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the expediency and necessity of attributing the concept of occupational safety and hygiene to international labor standards and fundamental principles and rights in the field of labor. New trends in the international legal and organizational and technical regulation of the sphere of occupational safety and hygiene, which are manifested in the countries of the European Union and Ukraine, have been identified. It has been established that the emergence of legislation, which contains the norms of collective agreements on the establishment of benefits related to the safety and occupational hygiene of older workers - persons of pre-retirement age who have a long working experience, should be considered a new phenomenon in the labor law of the European Union countries. It was noted that the European Strategy for the Working Environment proposed innovations: to introduce regional occupational health and safety commissioners in EU countries and to strengthen sanctions against employers guilty of violating the rules of safety at work. It was found that, in addition to the international legal regulation of the ILO and the EU, it carries out organizational and technical, which regulates risk-oriented management of occupational safety and hygiene, which is aimed at assessing occupational risks according to the proposed methods, which are general and not adapted to the specifics of various branches of the economy. Therefore, the methodology for assessing occupational risks of the ILO was improved, which contains a volumetric matrix that is three-component, and the same technique allows for the assessment of residual risk. Keywords: international legal regulation, labor safety, international labor standards, occupational hygiene, ILO, working environment.