The paper deals with the study of broad-leaved plants of the Southern Urals broad-leaved-conifer forests. Stationary studies were conducted on the territory of the South Ural state natural reserve, where 9 forest sites in different types of broad-leaved forests were laid. The research used standard methods while microclimatic observations used digital thermometers-recorders Thermochron. The authors have obtained some data on the structure and composition of the characteristic types of broad-leaved forests with oak and maple domination. The authors have classified ecosystems and plant communities, selected 3 types of biogeocenoses and 4 types of phytocoenoses. Studies have established that selected types of broad-leaved forests are associated to certain elements of relief and high-altitude levels. The obtained materials provide the basis for further monitoring of forests.

On the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan the main regularities of landscape differentiation are manifested - latitudinal zoning, altitudinal zoning and the barrier effect, which determine the territorial differentiation of the vegetation cover. The existing schemes of botanical-geographical and geobotanical zoning reflect these patterns. The largest zoning units are zonal structures (forest, forest-steppe and steppe regions), within which, on the basis of geological and geomorphological features, smaller taxonomic units are distinguished - provinces, areas, districts. The zoning method proposed by S.M. Razumovsky which is based on the concept of a succession system is of interest. According to this concept, the vegetation cover of the Earth is divided between succession systems. The boundaries of successional systems are outlined by the boundaries of the geographical areas of key species - edificators of indigenous forest phytocenoses. S.M. Razumovsky presented a scheme of botanical-geographical zoning, made on a small scale. The boundaries of succession systems, with the exception of some areas, are not delineated. The author set a goal: to determine a list of succession systems common on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, to outline their boundaries and give their brief characteristics. As a result of literary sources study and analysis, the author has come to the conclusion that 4 succession systems are widespread on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan: 1) broad-leaved-dark coniferous forests with climax species of Siberian spruce, Siberian fir, pedunculate oak, heart-leaved linden and Norway maple; 2) dark coniferous forests, with climax species of Siberian spruce and Siberian fir; 3) broad-leaved forests with climax species of pedunculate oak, heart-leaved linden and Norway maple; 4) light coniferous forests with sub-climax species of Scots pine and Sukachev larch.

The paper presents the results of studies of forest biogeocenoses on the Belyagush ridge. The analysis of materials was carried out in order to establish the boundaries of the high-altitude distribution of forest formations on the slopes of the Belyagush ridge, to determine the mesoclimatic parameters of ecotopes occupied by the formations, to clarify the presence and extent of temperature inversions. Forest test plots, the absolute heights of which were established, were used as markers of the height boundaries of the formations. Based on these data, the high-altitude strip of deciduous forests, marked with 7 test plots, occupies an altitude interval from 436 to 512 m above sea level, a strip of subnemoral broad-leaved-dark coniferous forests, marked with 10 test plots, occupies an altitude interval from 520 to 650 m on the western slope and an interval of 596630 m above sea level on the eastern slope. The belt of ridge dark coniferous forests is marked with 1 trial plot located at an altitude of 830 m above sea level. The analyzed data of 4-year microclimatic observations indicate significant differences in the thermal regimes of ecotopes occupied by associations of deciduous and dark coniferous forests, comparable to latitudinal gradients. A comparative analysis of January amplitudes of the minimum daily temperatures on 3 sample plots located on an altitude profile extending from the Revet River valley through the middle part of the eastern slope to the top of the Belyagush ridge revealed frequent temperature inversions in winter. Over the observation period in January, inversions at the altitude segment of 470605 m were observed from 14 to 24 days, on the segment 605830 m from 7 to 14 days, while the maximum positive vertical temperature gradients in these segments reached from +8,5C/100 m to +8,9C/100 m and from +1,3C/100 m to +2,7C/100 m.

Samara district is one of the districts allocated by S.M. Razumovsky in the scheme of botanical and geographical zoning. This area geographically delineates the area of the successional system of broad-leaved forests with key species Tilia cordata, Quercus robur, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra. S.M. Razumovsky outlined the boundaries of the district on a small-scale scheme and provided a list of guiding species. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief description of the area, outline its boundaries and identify the features of the territorial structure of vegetation cover. The material was scientific publications on the structure of the vegetation cover of the territory under consideration. The Samara Region covers the eastern part of the East European Plain to the east of the Volga River, including the Volga region and the Urals, as well as the western slope of the Southern Urals. The territorial structure of the succession system can be represented in the form of two structural parts the core and the periphery. The core of the system is shifted to the northeast, occupies the space of the forest zone and the northern part of the forest-steppe. The periphery covers the space of the forest-steppe zone and the northern part of the steppe zone. In the core of the succession system, zonal vegetation is formed by associations of shade broad-leaved forests with linden as an edifier, on the periphery there are associations of light broad-leaved (oak) forests.