Due to its non-toxicity and environmentally friendly nature, carbohydrate-based fatty acid (CFA) esters are encouragingly used as antimicrobials and synthetic intermediates. They also are notably applied in food, surfactant, and pharmaceutical industries. In this respect, methyl 2,6-di-O-isopentanoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (2), synthesized in a single step from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (1), was converted into four other 3,4-di-O-acyl esters (3 – 6). All the newly synthesized CFA esters (2 – 6) were applied for the first time to study decay resistances of aspen (Populus tremula) and pine (Pinus sibirica) wood from decay caused by white-rot (Polyporous versicolor L.ex. Fr.) and brown-rot (Postia placenta (Fr). Cke.) fungi. Most of these CFA esters protected these woods from fungal attack, reduced deterioration, and preserved the weight percentage of woods at a certain point. It is noted that the CFA esters compounds reduced the deterioration and suppressed the weight percentage loss of wood at a certain point and from low to moderate decay resistances against the selected fungi.
This paper presents a new hybrid energy dissipation device and investigates experimentally its capability to improve the seismic response of an inherently very flexible structural system: a reinforced concrete waffle-flat plate structure. The new device combines in parallel within a single device a low-cost viscoelastic (VE) component and a metallic yielding (MY) component. The device has a gap that prevents deformations on the MY component in the range of displacements caused by wind or low intensity earthquakes, to avoid high-cycle fatigue damage. The MY component is expected to activate under the design or the maximum credible earthquake, providing the main structure with lateral stiffness, and a reliable and large source of energy dissipation capacity. Six new hybrid energy dissipation devices (energy dissipation system) were installed in a scaled two-story portion of a prototype RC waffle-flat plate structure (main structure) designed only for gravity loads, without considering special ductility detailing or capacity design rules for the columns. The VE component of the hybrid energy dissipation devices reduced the translational periods with largest effective modal mass along the horizontal directions X and Y to 60%, and increased the fraction of damping to about 12%. The main structure with the energy dissipation system was subjected to bidirectional shake table tests that represented frequent, design and maximum credible earthquakes. In the tests, the main structure remained basically undamaged under the frequent and the design earthquakes, whereas it suffered minor (reparable) damage under the maximum credible earthquake. The MY component remained undeformed under low intensity earthquakes.
Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты исследований по подбору состава битумнокаучукового вяжущего вибропоглощающего покрытия. Применение вибропоглощающих покрытий тонкостенных строительных конструкций позволяет значительно снизить негативные вибрации. Существующие битумные и битумно-каучуковые материалы обладают недостаточным вибропоглощением в диапазоне отрицательных температур, что недопустимо в климатических условиях России. Подбор состава битумно-каучукового вяжущего и установление зависимости его свойств позволят получить материал с широким температурным диапазоном применения. В качестве объекта исследования была выбрана полимерная матрица, представляющая собой смесь двух материалов-бутилкаучука и битума, пластифицированную маслом индустриальным И-20А; наполнитель-мел марки МТД-2. Представлена зависимость физикомеханических свойств материала от содержания битум:бутилкаучук в смеси. Установлено, что материал на основе полученного вяжущего обладает эффективным вибродемпфированием в диапазоне температур от −40 до +40 °С. Ключевые слова: вибропоглощающее покрытие; битум; каучук; физико-механические свойства; температура Уже более 20 лет в авто-, машиностроении и строительстве широко применяются вибропоглощающие материалы листового типа на основе битума [1, 2]. В настоящее время широко распространены покрытия на битумно-каучуковом вяжущем [3, 4].
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