Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for abdominal surgery has been widely studied in clinical settings. However, dexmedetomidine as an adjunctive analgesic combined with TAP block has been rarely reported. The present study evaluated the efficacy of TAP block combined with dexmedetomidine adjunct for gynecological laparoscopy. In brief, 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group I, which received post-operative intravenous analgesia only after general anesthesia; Group II, which received a TAP block with 20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine; and Group III, which received a TAP block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine and 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine after induction. In all groups, propofol was used for general anesthesia. The dosage of propofol, duration of the operation, and the time of awakening, spontaneous breathing and extubation were recorded. In addition, the Steward and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were determined at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-surgery. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting and/or respiratory depression was also recorded. Compared with those in Group I, the dosage of propofol, as well as the time of awakening, spontaneous breathing and extubation were significantly decreased in Group III (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). In addition, the VAS score at 2 and 4 h in Group II (both P<0.05) and 2, 4 (both P<0.01) and 8 h (P<0.05) in Group III after the surgery were significantly lower compared with those in Group I. Furthermore, in Groups II and III, a lower number of cases experienced nausea and vomiting (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided TAP block combined with dexmedetomidine adjunct may improve recovery from anesthesia and reduce post-operative pain (trial registration no. ChiCTR-IPR-15007398).

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The mononuclear molybdenum complex [Mo( H L) 2 ] (1), Mo-Mo single-bond compound [ H LClMo(μ-Cl) 3 Mo H LCl] [2; Mo-Mo 2.832(7) Å], and Mo≡Mo triple-bond compounds [Mo 2 Cl 2 (μ-H L) 2 ] [3; Mo-Mo 2.194(6) Å] and [Mo 2 Cl 2 (μ-Cl)(μ-H L)Cl 2 Na(THF) 3 ] [4; Mo-Mo 2.167(2) Å] have been synthesized by the reaction of H L { H L = [(2,6-iPr 2 C 6 H 3 )NCH] 2 } with 0.5, 1, and 2 equiv. of MoCl 5 and different amounts of Na metal. In the [a]

The reuse of wastewater is a key problem in controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). In this study, the feasibility to reuse the treated wastewater (including sanitary wastewater and urine wastewater) as a plant hydroponic medium was verified. Two salt-tolerant plants, apium graveolens Linn (celery) and mesembryanthemum cordifolium L.F. (cordifolium), were cultivated with the reused medium or Hoagland nutrient solution, and the characteristics of crop growth, hydroponic medium composition, and elements absorption by plants were investigated. The results showed that the reused medium replenished with micronutrient elements could maintain the normal growth of cordifolium and celery crops. The biomass productivity of cordifolium cultivated by the recycled medium (121.53 g FW/strain) was higher than that cultivated by Hoagland nutrient solution (98.33 g FW/strain). The nutrient elements accumulation in plant dry mass indicated that plants could effectively utilize the recycled mineral elements in wastewater, and cordifolium exhibited better stability and adaptability to salt-induced environment. The absorption capacity of Na and Cl elements in cordifolium cultivated within the reused medium was the highest, which was 4.54% DW and 2.63% DW, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility to directly reuse domestic wastewater as the main ingredient for plant hydroponics, which could provide insights into design and operation of plant hydroponics system and water circulation system in CELSS.