Anxiety and depression are considered coping mechanisms organisms adopt in response to external stressors. We employed Levy statistics to investigate the movement patterns of rodent models subjected to stress and compared them to non-stressed controls. Our analysis revealed that stressed mice exhibited heavy-tailed distributions in open fields, consistent with the Levy flights utilized by animal predators in search of scarce food sources. In contrast, non-stressed mice demonstrated a normal distribution of speed. We used the two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to identify significant differences in the γ and μ parameters derived from Levy flight between anxiety, depression, and control mice. Additionally, we employed the support vector machine algorithm to determine the optimal separation of each group. Furthermore, our mathematical model demonstrated the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine. These findings have the potential to contribute to the development of more precise definitions of anxiety and depression, as well as facilitate the evaluation of pharmaceutical developments.

Background We aimed to prepare a non‐invasive, reproducible, and controllable rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with focused ultrasound (FUS). Methods A rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model was established by combining FUS and microbubbles (μBs), and edaravone was used to verify whether the free radical scavenger had a protective effect on the model. The brain tissue of each group was sectioned to observe the gross histology, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral infarction volume, and histopathological changes. Results Compared with the FUS group, the BBB permeability was significantly increased in the FUS + μBs (F&B) group ( p = 0.0021). The second coronal slice in the F&B group had an obvious hemorrhage lesion, and the FUS + μBs + edaravone (F&B&E) group had smaller hemorrhage areas; however, ICH did not occur in the FUS group. The cerebral infarction volume in the F&B group was significantly larger than that in the FUS group ( p = 0.0030) and F&B&E group ( p = 0.0208). HE staining results showed that nerve fibrinolysis, neuronal necrosis, microglia production, and erythrocytes were found in both the F&B group and the F&B&E group, but the areas of the nerve fibrinolysis and neuronal necrosis in the F&B group were larger than the F&B&E group. Conclusions A rat ICH model was successfully prepared using the μBs assisted FUS treatment, and edaravone had a therapeutic effect on this model. This model can be used to study the pathophysiological mechanism of ICH‐related diseases and in preclinical research on related new drugs.