Alloys based on NiAl-Cr-Co (base) with complex dopants (base+2.5Mo-0.5Re-0.5Ta, base+2.5Mo-1.5Re-1.5Ta, base+2.5Mo-1.5Ta-1.5La-0.5Ru, base+2.5Mo-1.5Re-1.5Ta-0.2Ti, base+2.5Mo-1.5Re-1.5Ta-0.2Zr) were fabricated by centrifugal SHS metallurgy. The phase and impurity compositions, structure, mechanical properties, and the mechanism of high-temperature oxidation at T = 1150 °C were studied; the kinetic oxidation curves, fitting equations and parabolic rate constant were plotted. Al2O3 and Co2CrO4 were the major phases of the oxidized layer. Three layers were formed: I—the continuous Al2O3 layer with Co2CrO4 inclusions; II—the transitional MeN-Me layer with AlN inclusions; and III—the metal layer with AlN inclusions. The positive effect of thermo-vacuum treatment (TVT) on high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy was observed. The total weight gain by the samples after oxidative annealing decreased threefold (from 120 ± 5 g/m2 to 40 ± 5 g/m2). The phases containing Ru and Ti microdopants, which reduced the content of dissolved nitrogen and oxygen in the intermetallic phase to the values ∑O, N = 0.0145 wt.% for the base+2.5Mo-1.5Ta-1.5La-0.5Ru alloy and ∑O,N = 0.0223 wt.% for the base+2.5Mo-1.5Re-1.5Ta-0.2Ti alloy, were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, with the significant high-temperature oxidation resistance, the latter alloy with Ti had the optimal combination of mechanical properties (σucs = 1644 ± 30 MPa; σys = 1518 ± 25 MPa).