Alloying-type bismuth with high volumetric capacity has emerged as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries but suffers from large volume expansion and continuous pulverization. Herein, a coordination constraint strategy is proposed, that is, chemically confining atomic Bi in an intercalation host framework via reconstruction-favorable linear coordination bonds, enabling a novel quasi-topological intercalation mechanism. Specifically, micron-sized Bi 0.67 NbS 2 is synthesized, in which the Bi atom is linearly coordinated with two S atoms in the interlayer of NbS 2 . The robust Nb−S host framework provides fast ion/electron diffusion channels and buffers the volume expansion of Na + insertion, endowing Bi 0.67 NbS 2 with a lower energy barrier (0.141 vs. 0.504 eV of Bi). In situ and ex situ characterizations reveal that Bi atom alloys with Na + via a solid-solution process and is constrained by the reconstructed Bi−S bonds after dealloying, realizing complete recovery of crystalline Bi 0.67 NbS 2 phase to avoid the migration and aggregation of atomic Bi. Accordingly, the Bi 0.67 NbS 2 anode delivers a reversible capacity of 325 mAh g −1 at 1 C and an extraordinary ultrahigh-rate stability of 226 mAh g −1 at 100 C over 25 000 cycles. The proposed quasi-topological intercalation mechanism induced by coordinated mode modulation is expected to be be conducive to the practical electrode design for fast-charging batteries.
Alloying‐type metals with high theoretical capacity are promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries, but suffer from large volume expansion and sluggish reaction kinetics. Dispersing alloying‐type metal into a buffer matrix with interfacial anionic covalent bonding is an effective method to solve the above issues. Here, this bifunctional structural unit is designed by incorporating high‐capacity Sb metal into a rigid CrSe framework for fast‐charging applications. The high‐capacity and high‐rate sodium storage can be synergistically realized in the bifunctional SbCrSe system, where the rigid CrSe framework endows the SbCrSe3 anodes with superior structural stability and improved intercalative redox pseudocapacitance. Moreover, the volume expansion of Sb during discharge can be buffered by the CrSe chain‐like matrix. The novel SbCrSe3 anode delivers a high charge capacity of 472 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.4 C and retains ≈100% capacity at 60 C over 10 000 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ characterization reveal the multistep reaction mechanism, and the breakage and formation of reversible SbSe bonds during (dis)charge. The proposed bifunctional structural unit that combines alloying type anodes and intercalative anodes is expected to pave a new road for the development of high capacity and high rate anode materials.
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