The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of system dynamics (SD) modeling and the relationship between industrial relocation and regional economic growth, we construct a model of the interrelationship between the two aforementioned phenomena. The model is an effective and creative exploration for examining effects of industrial relocation on Chinese regional economic growth disparities. The SD model is employed in this study to build an interregional labor migration SD model, an interregional capital migration SD model, an intra-industry SD model, an intra-regional population SD model, and an intra-regional SD model which are based on realities in labor and capital flow from the view of industrial relocation. VENSIM software is utilized to perform a system simulation based on the data of the eastern, middle, and western regions from 2000 to 2010. Results show that industrial relocation gradually narrows the relative disparity in GDP among the three regions. Moreover, the absolute one is enlarged continuously. The absolute and relative disparities in per capita GDP among eastern, middle, and western regions generally exhibit decreasing trends.

In this study, a 3D graphene metamaterial (GM) showing negative thermal expansion is prepared using a strategy of hyperbolically oriented freezing under a dual temperature gradient along orthogonal directions after the π–π stacking‐derived assembly of 2D graphene sheets. As the fundamental construction element of the 3D GM, the graphene sheet displays anomalous shrinking deformation with a thermal expansion coefficient of (−6.12 ± 0.28) × 10−6 that is triggered by thermally induced out‐of‐plane vibrations of the CC bonds. A combination of numerical simulations and experimental investigations validates that anomalous negative thermal expansion (NTE) behavior can be effectively delivered to scalable 3D GM candidates at larger dimensions beyond the basic 2D graphene sheets at the microscale. The multiscale design and optimization of the structural characterization of the 3D GM further realize the desirable regulation of the NTE performance with the NTE coefficient ranging from negative ((−7.5± 0.65) × 10−6 K−1) to near‐zero values ((−0.8 ± 0.25) × 10−6 K−1). This is attributed to the NTE‐derived release regulation of the primary stress/strain of the microstructure, and the 3D GM exhibits high thermal stability while preserving the desirable structural robustness and fatigue resistance under thermo‐mechanical coupling conditions. Therefore, this 3D GM offers promising potential for applications as protective skin, thermal actuator, smart switcher, and packing filler.

Underground coal mining causes land subsidence, and backfilling with Yellow River sediment is an effective reclamation technology to restore farmland in China. To date, two-layer soil reconstructed (TSR) for subsided land reclamation resulted in poor capacity to retain water. To solve this problem, multi-layered soil reconstructed (MSR), sandwiching soil interlayers between sediment, was developed as a new reclamation strategy with Yellow River sediment. In order to evaluate the impact of soil interlayer on moisture characteristics, laboratory experiments of infiltration and evaporation were conducted. Two control treatments (CK1, CK2) and four experimental treatments (T1-T4) were designed. CK1 was undamaged farmland, CK2 was conventional reconstructed two-layers soil profile (filled sediment with 40 cm soil cover). T1-T4 were multiple-layers soil profiles sandwiching different structures of soil interlayers between sediment layers. The results indicated that putting interlayers into sediment reduced water leakage and water evaporation, improved the water-holding capacity of conventional two-layer soil profiles. The total thickness of soil interlayers of 30 cm (T3 and T4) was better than 20 cm (T1 and T2) and two soil interlayers (T2) were better than one (T1) on water-holding capacity. Furthermore, the best reconstructed soil profile was T3, sandwiched two soil interlayer and the first thickness was 20 cm. This treatment had the greatest improvement on soil water holding capacity with an increase of 49.14% compared to CK2 at the end of the evaporation and was closest to CK1 (402.31 mm). This study provided experimental evidence that compares with TSR, MRS improved the moisture characteristics of backfilling with Yellow River sediment.

Widespread ground fissures caused by coal mining subsidence are a main cause of ecological destruction in coal mining areas, and the rapid monitoring of ground fissures is essential for ecological restoration. Traditional fissure monitoring technologies are time consuming and laborious. Therefore, we developed a method to automatically extract ground fissures from high-resolution UAV images. First, a multiscale Hessian-based enhancement filter was utilized to enhance the ground fissures in grayscale images. Then, a simple single-thresholding operation was applied to segment the enhanced image to generate a binary ground fissure map. Finally, incomplete path opening was performed to eliminate the noises in the fissure extraction results. We selected the N1212 working face of the Ningtiaota Coal Mine in Shenmu County, China, as the study area. The results indicated that the ranges of correctness, completeness, and the kappa coefficient of the extracted results were 66.23–79.00%, 69.03–73.22%, and 67.91–75.88%, respectively. Image resolution is the key factor for successful fissure detection; the method proposed in this paper can extract ground fissures with a width greater than one pixel (2.64 cm), and the detection ratio for fissures with a width greater than two pixels was over 87%. Our research has solved the problem of the rapid monitoring of ground fissures to a certain extent and can act as a valuable tool for ecological restoration in mining areas.

Taking as an example the land resources management in Dingzhuang town, Guangrao county, Shandong province, this thesis makes sufficient investigation and demand analysis in accordance with the features of land resources management in villages and towns. It studied in details the main content of land resources management in villages and towns. On this basis, the thesis first makes a general design of the land resources management system in Dingzhuang town, and an in-depth investigation of the functions of every modules in the information system of land resources management in villages and towns, together with the necessary principles for the design of system interface. In the following steps, it establishes through research the spatial database and attribute database, along with the platform of the geographic information system of Dingzhuang town on the basis of the spatial data and attribute data of this town. On this platform, it uses the relevant data of Dingzhuang town land resources and groupware second development technology to research and develop the information system of land resources management in villages and towns. The basic functions of this system include land use planning, basic farmland management, the management of land for construction use, land survey, land registration and so on. Besides, it realizes the basic land management of each patch in the village and town level, as well as property search map and map search function.