Introduction With the increasing life expectancy of patients with haemophilia (PWH), the number of PWH with age‐related comorbidities, such as ischaemic events, is increasing. Aim We conducted this multicentre observational study to identify the risk factors for major ischaemic events in PWH. Methods This study was the first multicentre observational study, conducted with the participation of five haemophilia treatment centres in Japan, conducted in ≥30‐year‐old adult PWH. The latest data recorded in the medical charts between 1 January and 31 December 2016 were reviewed. Healthcare data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey were used as the control data. Results Data of a total of 711 patients were collected. Only two PWH (0.3%) had a history of ischaemic events. Age‐adjusted analysis indicated that the prevalence of hypertension defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or over was similar in the PWH to that in the males of the general population. However, when hypertension was defined more strictly (≥130/85 mm Hg), the prevalence was significantly lower in PWH than in the general male population. The hypertension in PWH was associated with the age, BMI, CKD, HIV infection and inhibitors. In particular, the odds ratio for the presence of inhibitors was high (odds ratio = 7.529). Conclusion Whether the present results can be attributed to Japanese ethnicity or to the presence of haemophilia per se remains uncertain. We propose to initiate a prospective study for further investigation.

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The patient was a 31-year-old female with no previous health problems; however, during a health checkup in 2013, a nodule (2.5 cm in diameter) was identified in the S10 area of the left lung. No clinical symptoms were apparent. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed an accumulation in the same region. The patient was suspected of having lung cancer, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed. A histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed epithelioid granulomas accompanied by caseous necrosis in the lesion. The culture was positive for , which led to the final diagnosis of tuberculoma. Initially, the patient underwent anti- treatment [isoniazid (INH) + rifampicin (RFP) + ethambutol (EB) + pyrazinamide (PZA)]. However, two weeks later, the development of epatic dysfunction necessitated suspension of the medication. Treatment was resumed following improvement of the hepatic function. However, this relapsed two weeks later, resulting in discontinuation of the treatment. The patient was negative for each of the four drugs in the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST), and drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) attributable to the anti-tuberculous drugs that were administered. Therefore, desensitization therapy was initiated. EB + PZA were changed to levofloxacin (LVFX) at an initial dose of 250 mg/day (dose level increased to the maintenance dose). Subsequently, desensitization therapy with RFP and INH was applied in accordance with the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis protocol. After each drug dose level reached the maintenance dose level, the therapy was completed following administration of the drugs for the recommended duration of 6 months. There were no signs of relapse 6 months following completion of the therapy. Therefore, the patient responded well to the substitute therapy with LVFX and desensitization therapy, and the present case report provided information regarding the treatment of tuberculoma.