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In ad-hoc vehicle networks (VANETs), the random mobility causes the rapid network topology change, which leads to the challenge of the reliable data transmission. In this paper, we propose a hybrid-price auction-based secure routing (HPA-SR) protocol using advanced speed and cosine similarity-based (ASCS) clustering to establish a secure route to avoid sinkhole attacks and improve connectivity between nodes. The main features and contributions of the proposed HPA-SR protocol are as follows. First, the HPA-SR protocol is employed by the first- and second-price auctions to avoid sinkhole attacks. More specifically, using the Markov decision process (MDP), each node can select a kind of auction method to establish the secure route by avoiding the sinkhole attack. Second, the advanced speed cosine similarity clustering protocol that is considered as underlying structure is presented to improve the connectivity between nodes. The ASCS is constructed based on the cosine similarity and distance between nodes using the speed and direction of the nodes. The results of the performance show that the proposed HPA-SR protocol can establish the secure route avoiding the sinkhole attack while the proposed ASCS clustering can support the strong connectivity. Besides, the HPA-SR with ASCS protocol can show better performance than the benchmark protocol in terms of the routing delay, packet loss ratio, number of packet loss, and control overhead.

Learning mathematics in Indonesia today has not given the expected results, it is not better when compared to other countries. If a student is active and able to count quickly and carefully in mathematics, then the student will indirectly be easier to solve problems either in mathematics itself or applied in everyday life. The average educator has not used interesting media to improve children’s numeracy skills, there are often difficulties in students’ mathematics learning. Many research contributions are directed at taking advantage of the success of video games and using them to benefit from the education domain. The concept of learning in this research is carried out by utilizing the development of information and communication technology through interesting mathematical game applications through web-based learning. The game is developed using scratch by MIT so that the development process is less time consuming and easier. The game is in form of the quiz that makes students utilize their mathematical skills to get rewards. In that way, the competitiveness of the students also increases at the same time with their numeric ability. This learning has an appropriate value to be a breakthrough to balance current technological developments and improve students’ numerical ability. Because of the mathematics games has a rewards system, it is interesting for students to learn math.

Saat ini khususnya di Indonesia banyak beredar ide, opini, kritik atau saran di internet dalam bentuk website atau blog pribadi. Hal-hal tersebut dapat dinilai menggunakan analisis semantic berdasarkan kata sifat sehingga menghasilkan sebuah rating dari objek yang dinilai. Penelitian tentang pemeringkatan dengan menggunakan kata sifat yang berasal dari tulisan / teks dari internet (Khususnya Bahasa Indonesia) sudah pernah dilakukan menggunakan metode Sistem Pemeringkat Otomatis Berbasis Kata Sifat. Namun, penelitian tersebut hanya dibuat spesifik untuk suatu permasalahan tertentu, ketika permasalahan yang akan diselesaikan berbeda, sistem harus dibuat ulang untuk menyesuaikan dengan permasalahan yang baru. Maka penelitian ini menyusun sebuah library agar dapat digunakan untuk berbagai macam objek tanpa harus menulis fungsi dari awal. Adapun hasil pengujian dari fungsi library yang menggunakan objek wisata sebagai data pengujian adalah memperoleh presentase error sebesar 15% dan PCC sebesar 0.990156941. Hasil dari pengujian kompabilitas adalah library dapat berjalan pada Python versi 3.x.x. Library yang dibuat telah diunggah di PyPI (Python Package Index) dengan Lisensi MIT sehingga dapat digunakan secara public oleh pengguna Python dan cara penggunaanya diterangkan di Github.

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