Abstract. Patantis G, Dewi AS, Fawzya YN, Nursid M. 2019. Identification of Beche-de-mers from Indonesia by molecular approach. Biodiversitas 20: 537-543. Sea cucumbers have been commercially traded around the world due to their nutritional values and health benefits. Sea cucumbers are marketed as processed sea cucumber, also known as beche de mer, teripang, haisen or gamat. Due to the high global demand of beche-de-mers, there have been several cases of fraud due to the visual shape and color similarities of processed sea cucumbers. Additionally, the local name diversity of Indonesian sea cucumbers making the identification of beche-de-mers difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to identify commercial sea cucumbers from selected locations in Indonesia by molecular approach. The targeted Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was used in this research. A total of 25 beche-de-mers was purchased from local markets in Indonesia, i.e. Boalemo (17 local names), Pesawaran (5), Surabaya (2) and West Lombok (1). Results showed that 22 species of beche-de-mer were successfully identified, ie. Acaudina sp., Actinopyga echinites, A. lecanora, A. miliaris, Bohadschia argus, B. marmorata, B. ocellata, B. vitiensis, Holothuria sp. H. atra, H. coluber, H. edulis, H. excellens, H. fuscocinerea, H. fuscogilva, H. fuscopunctata, H. scabra, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Phyrella sp., Stichopus herrmanni, S. horrens and S. monotuberculatus. The identification of Indonesian beche-de-mers using molecular method could support the identification of the local sea cucumbers to overcome mislabeled and fraud. Correct identification is important for the record of beche-de-mer trade in Indonesia and further conservation management.

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Indonesia has a great sea cucumber resource which is useful as functional food. Even though much information about the biopotency of sea cucumbers have been published, however, studies on nutrition value of Indonesian sea cucumbers are still beneficial due to the great diversity and uniqueness of each species. The present work was intended to obtain information about chemical composition and fatty acid profile of 4 (four) types of sea cucumbers which are frequently found in Halmahera water, North Maluku (Molucca), one of sea cucumbers producing area in Indonesia. The samples coded as H-03, H-04, H-05 and H-10, were identified as Bohadschia argus, Holothuria fuscogilva, Thelenota ananas, and Actinophyga lecanora. All sea cucumbers showed high protein content, more than 60% (drybase/db), except for T. ananas which had the lowest protein content (48.26% db). As for fats, T. ananas showed the highest amount (2.35%db) with dominated saturated fatty acids (SFA). On the other side, A. lecanora showed higher value of PUFA compared to SFA and MUFA. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most abundant SFA in the most samples with the amount of 0.49-4.9 mg/g sample. Among PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA (C20:5n3) was detected, and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n6) was relatively higher than the others. The ratio of 6/3 fatty acid was 1.2-3.2 showing that total 6 fatty acid was higher than total 3 fatty acid. However, this value is safe enough to protect against chronic and degenerative diseases.

Although many proteases had been studied and characterized, only a few of them are commercially available.  Protease thermostability is one of the crucial properties for industrialapplication. This research aimed to isolate and to screen the potential isolate which produce thermostable protease. There were 6 isolates (BII-1, BII-2, BII-3, BII-4, BII-6 and LII), isolated using solid Minimal Synthetic Medium (MSM) supplemented with 1.5% skim milk, that have, protease activity. Based on the 16S-rRNA gene sequencing analysis, isolates BII-1, BII-2 and BII- 6 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, isolates BII-3 and BII-4 were identified as Bacillus subtilis, while isolate LII was identified as Brevibacillus thermoruber. Three isolates (BII-6, BII-4 and LII) were then further investigated for the second screening step using liquid MSM supplemented with 1% skim milk. The isolates (BII-6, BII-4 and LII) optimally produced protease when they were cultivated at 35, 30 and 50o C respectively after 22 h of incubation. Protease produced by BII-6, BII-4 and LII had optimum temperature  of 65, 60 and 85o C, optimum pH at 7-8, 8 and 9 and stable up to 100 min at 55, 60 and 75o C respectively.

Isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial kolagen dari teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) telah dilakukan. Isolasi dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu preparasi, ekstraksi dan isolasi. Tahap preparasi meliputi tahapan penyiangan, pencucian dan perendaman dalam akuades, dalam alkohol, dalam larutan Tris-HCl dan etilenadiaminatetraasetat  (EDTA) dan perendaman dalam larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan perendaman asam asetat 0,5M. Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara pengendapan menggunakan NaCl dilanjutkan proses dialisis. Isolat kolagen teripang gamma yang diperoleh memiliki rendemen sebesar 16,40% (bobot kering), nilai pH 6,08 dan derajat putih 77,02%. Gugus fungsi kolagen terdiri dari amida A (3412 cm-1), B (2929 cm-1), I (1654 cm-1), II (1554 cm-1), dan III (1239 cm-1). Asam amino utama penyusun kolagen yaitu glisin, prolin, dan alanin, masing-masing sebesar 16,88%; 6,71%; dan 6,42%. Kolagen yang dihasilkan merupakan kolagen tipe I, diduga terdiri dari 3 rantai a1 yang homolog dengan berat molekul 130,33 kDa.