This study addressed the feasibility, practicality, and effects of a management style defined as "Management-by-Virtues," a management philosophy and practice based on virtues derived from religious beliefs. The study focused on Management-by-Virtues as practiced in Christian firms and assessed the effect that Management-by-Virtues could have on such organizational outcomes as employees' Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and propensity to go beyond the call of duty in carrying out organizational tasks, i.e., Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The study, based on survey responses from 328 employees of 26 business firms, compared overall scores on Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in 10 businesses, described by owner/managers as being managed according to Christian beliefs and practices, with the same outcomes in 16 "control" firms that did not explicitly espouse such an orientation. The Management-by-Virtues firms were characterized by more committed, more satisfied employees, and employees' reports of higher incidence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior than the comparison firms. However, a measure of this construct based on employees' perceptions did not sharply differentiate the two groups of firms.

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This study discusses the role of the private sector and public-private partnerships (PPPs) in reconstructing the Somali state and economy. We review the historical background of the economic and political change in the Somali Republic and focus on the role of public-private partnerships in infrastructure investment and development. Statelessness in the Somali Republic has created an environment in which new business models could flourish with minimal government interference, and without competition from international firms. Empirical evidence suggests that the private sector in the Somali Republic adjusted to statelessness and created new operational models that can be tapped into in order to help the Somali Republic rebuild its state institutions and public infrastructure. This study proposes that public infrastructure investment may build on the successful business models that the Somali economy developed in recent years and argues that PPPs have a unique role to play in the reconstruction of the Somali infrastructure.