Mean age of the patients was 42.4 ± 16.1 (range, 22-75), 46.5 ± 16.5 (range, 22-76), and 43.5 ± 16.6 (range, 18-71) years in Groups 1-3, respectively. On admission, 37.8% had hematuria and 78.9% had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). No statistically significant differences were detected between the three groups regarding patient age, gender, mean stone size, stone location, stone site, additional analgesic requirement, number of ureteral colics during the treatment, and upper urinary tract dilation. The mean stone expulsion time was 3.5 days in Group 1, 6 days in Group 2, and 7 days in Group 3 (P = 0.02). Stone expulsion rate was significantly high in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P = 0.002). Similarly, stone expulsion rate was significantly high in Group 1 compared to Group 3 (P = 0.001). Medical treatment with tamsulosin seems to be effective in patients with distal ureteral stones <10 mm in size. However, use of Rowatinex does not seem to have any significant effect on clearance rate of distal ureteral calculi.

As confirmed by the results of semen analysis and CDU, testicular blood flow increases after varicocelectomy, resulting in the recovery of the haemodynamics of the testicle. CDU, which is generally used for diagnosis in the varicocele, can also be a valuable method of determining treatment success after surgery.

TPPS induces penile erection and decreases CEA for some extent, but to a lesser degree compared to papaverine. As further improvements are achieved in the methodology of TPPS, it may be a valuable method in the evaluation patients with erectile dysfunction.