Introduction: Vaccine preventable disease remained issue of major concern to the global health system. Low coverage of immunization necessitated the need to explore the determinants of immunization uptake. Factors influencing immunization coverage in South-West Nigeria were investigated in this study. Methods: Data from the Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS) was used for this study. Our focus was on children between 12 to 23 months whose parents were residents of South-West Nigeria. A total of 655 records were used for the analysis of this study. The outcome variable (child’s immunization status) was categorized as “non-or- under immunized and fully immunized”. Considered explanatory variables were children and parents’ characteristics. Data were analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics were presented and generalized linear model was used to explore the determinants of immunization completeness. Results: Of the 665 children whose mean age was 16.7 ± 3.4 SD months, 62.3% were non-or-under immunized, while only 79.8% were birthed in the health facility. Majority of them (65.1%) were not presented for postnatal check within two months of birth while 51% do not have health card. About 79% of the mothers said distance to the health facility was not a problem. In this study, postnatal check within 2 months of birth, type of residence and ownership of health card were identified factors influencing the uptake of immunization. For instance, Those who said distance is a problem were 3 times less likely to fully immunize their children (AOR=0.28, p=0.000, 95% CI: 0.16-0.47). Obviously, ownership of health card (AOR=15.34, p=0.000, 95% CI: 9.86-23.88) and postnatal check within 2 months of birth (AOR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.37-0.86) were associated with the likelihood of complete immunization. Conclusion: Immunization uptake was very low in South-West Nigeria. Factors that were positively associated with completeness of immunization include observance of postnatal check and ownership of healthcare card while problem of distance to health facility was negatively associated. Increasing vaccination coverage/ completeness would ameliorate, if policy geared towards the improvement of postnatal check-ups, distribution of healthcare facilities within residential areas and strict adherence to the use of health care are considered in the South-West Nigeria.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc in Nigeria, with more cases and deaths reported every day. However, vaccine development and uptake are believed to aid the fight against this outbreak.  We investigated vaccine uptake, unmet need for vaccine, and reported side effects among the populace. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 adults from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria using the online data collection tool, Kobo-toolbox. We obtained information on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccine uptake, unmet need, and related side effects of COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were done using Stata MP 16. The mean age of the respondents was 32.1 ± 10.7 years. About half (49.9%) were below 30 years of age. Majority were females (63.1%), Christians (89.2%), and urban dwellers (74.6%). Majority (89.2%) of respondents know that vaccines are beneficial to health, and 41.2% have received the COVD-19 vaccine. Unmet need for COVID-19 vaccine was 74.3% and herd immunity was estimated as 93.1%. Respondents working in the private sector (AOR=0.32, 95% CI=0.11-0.90), and who said COVID-19 vaccine is not beneficial to health (AOR=0.04, 95% CI=0.01-0.29) were less likely to receive COVID-19 vaccine, while those who have tested for COVID-19 (AOR=3.93, 95%CI=1.98-7.84) have a higher likelihood of receiving COVID-19 vaccine. Continuous awareness for COVID-19 vaccine is needed. The government needs to persistently assure citizens of the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. Also, this study recommends that the administration of a highly effective vaccine would result in achievable herd immunity and curb the transmission of COVID-19 virus.

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Background: COVID-19’s sudden uprising and proliferation causes fear and psychological distress in the general public. Its pandemic nature is associated with psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness. Hence, it becomes imperative to pay attention to the mental health of nurses who are caring for patients during the outbreak. Methodology: A cross-sectional study among 161 nurses in southwest Nigeria. An Online questionnaires were sent to nurses through social media applications. In addition to socio-demographic and work-related variables, psychological trauma was measured using Kessler-10 psychological distress scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test, and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. All analysis were done using Stata MP 16. Results: COVID-19 related psychological trauma was 27.4% among nurses. Majority of the respondents were females (82.6 %), Christians (85.7%), and urban residents (88.2%).About 85.7% of the nurses were Yoruba by tribe. About a half of the nurses (48.4%) had less than 10 years work experience. Muslims (AOR: 4.17, CI: 1.27- 13.76) were 4.17 times more likely to have COVID-19 related psychological trauma compared to Christians. Also, nurses who had no contact with COVID-19 patients (AOR: 0.09, CI: 0.02- 0.49) were less likely to have COVID-19 related psychological trauma. Conclusion: COVID-19-related psychological trauma was notably high among the nurses, and associated risk factors were religion and contact with COVID-19 patient. Nurses should be given adequate attention in terms of programmes or training that is capable of improving their competence in handling COVID-19 patients and boost their psychological health during the pandemic.

Background: Over 1.8 million under-five mortality could be avoided each year if anemia is dealt with. No adequate information on the determinants of anemia among the sub-Saharan countries experiencing a higher after prevalence under-5 mortality. This study identified the risk factors of anemia among three sub-Saharan countries (Benin, Guinea and Nigeria).Methods: A total of 24137 records from the 2018 demographic and health survey. The outcome variable was anemia status (Anemic=1, not anemic=0). Measures of effects (AOR) were assessed using binary logistic regression and random-effect generalized linear model. Stata MP 16 was used for the data analysis.Results: Anemia was found to be common among children in Nigeria (ENREF 59.4%), Benin (58.2%), and Guinea (46.0%). Children (<6 months) had higher risk of anemia (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37). Intake of drugs for the treatment of intestinal parasites during pregnancy was found to be protective against anemia in Nigeria (AOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) and Guinea (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.91). Main cooking fuel: Kerosene (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.65) and firewood (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17-1.81) were associated with a higher risk of anemia.Conclusions: Children of younger age (<6 months) deserve priority attention in the battle against anemia. Intake of drugs for intestinal parasites during pregnancy presents a potentially impactful strategy for anemia prevention among under-5 children in addition to routine deworming and treatments. Also, rural residents, users of kerosene and firewood as main cooking fuel, and users of unprotected well as main source of drinking water needs attention in the awareness and campaigns against under-5 anemia.