Aromatic poly(ether ketone)s were synthesized by the Friedel−Crafts polymerization of 2,5-furandicarbonyl dichloride prepared from biomass and petroleum-based aromatic ethers such as diphenyl ether and 1,4-diphenoxybenzene with aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ). The polymerizations in common molecular solvents such as 1,2-dichloroethane and nitrobenzene did not afford polymers. The Friedel−Crafts polymerization usually undergoes in the swollen gel of the oligomer−AlCl 3 complexes; the precipitated physical gels had not been enough swollen. The polymerizations were carried out in various ionic liquids to form swollen gels. The polymerizations proceeded in specific ionic liquid such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 4 mim]Cl), and high molecular weight polymers were obtained with good yield. The gels formed in [C 4 mim]Cl were more highly swollen, and additionally the rate constant estimated by the model reaction of 2,5furandicarbonyl dichloride and anisole was higher in [C 4 mim]Cl than that in 1,2-dichloroethane. The obtained poly(ether ketone)s exhibited good thermal stability and chemical resistance comparable to common poly(ether ketone)s.

From the viewpoint of the suppression of the petroleum consumption, aromatic poly(ether ketone)s (PEKs) were prepared by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization of 2,5-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)furan (BFBF) synthesized from biomass and aromatic bisphenols. The model reaction of BFBF and p-methoxyphenol revealed that BFBF possessed enough reactivity for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The polymerizations of BFBF and aromatic bisphenols afforded high molecular weight polymers with good yields in N-methylpyrrolidone and diphenyl sulfone for several hours. The longer polymerization time brought about the formation of insoluble parts in any solvents and reduction of molecular weight. The obtained PEKs were thermoplastics and exhibited good thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance comparable to common high-performance polymers. The thermal properties were tunable with the structure of bisphenols. V C

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