Arthroscopic osseous Bankart repair is an effective primary treatment for shoulders with substantial glenoid bone loss as it provides successful outcomes without recurrence of instability once osseous union is obtained. Glenoid morphology can be normalized during the intermediate to long-term postoperative period, even in shoulders with a smaller fragment.

The objective of this study was to show a new function of Se in IgG absorption from colostrum by newborn calves. The same amount and quality of colostrum with or without Se addition was fed to paired calves (n = 60) 4 times at <2, 12, 24, and 36 h after birth, respectively. Four-time feeding of colostrum containing 1.0 ppm Se significantly increased IgG amount in the blood plasma of calves 24 h after birth; however, its effect was small (about 20% increase). Although the addition of 3.0 ppm Se once at the first colostrum feeding was more effective on IgG absorption, its significant effect was a 42% increase on average. The increased IgG concentration of blood plasma continued for about 2 wk. It is known that the absorption of colostrum IgG is mediated by intestinal pinocytosis, which continues for only 24 h after birth. The addition of Se to colostrum might directly activate this physiological pinocytosis of intestinal epithelial cells because of the rapidity of the reaction. This effect is not nutritional but rather pharmacological. Supplemented Se also resulted in its increased concentration in blood plasma. Selenium is an essential mineral for animals; however, newborn calves are always deficient in Se at birth. Application of this method in calves would also provide an immediate supply of Se and might contribute to the development of the immune system of calves. This study showed that Se supplementation to colostrum increased IgG amount and Se concentration in blood plasma in newborn calves.

A substrain of the senescence-accelerated mouse, SAMP6 (senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6), spontaneously develops osteoporosis early in life. Therefore, this strain is a useful animal model for developing new strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis in humans. We succeeded in treating osteoporosis in SAMP6 mice after the onset of this disease, using a newly developed method of bone marrow transplantation (BMT): Allogeneic bone marrow cells obtained from normal mouse strains were directly injected into the bone marrow cavity of irradiated SAMP6 mice (intrabone marrow BMT [IBM-BMT]). After the treatment with IBM-BMT, hematolymphoid cells were completely reconstituted by donor-derived cells, and bone marrow stromal cells were also found to be of donor origin. The treated SAMP6 mice showed histologically-normal trabecular bone. In addition, bone mineral density and urinary deoxypiridinoline, a hallmark of bone destruction, were normalized. When the message levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor ␣, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-11, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand [RANKL]) were examined, IL-11, RANKL (from bone marrow stromal cells), and IL-6 (from osteoclasts), which regulate bone remodeling, were restored to levels similar to those in normal B6 mice. These findings indicate that not only the hemopoietic system but also the bone marrow microenvironment were normalized after IBM-BMT, resulting in an amelioration of the imbalance between bone absorption and formation. STEM CELLS 2006; 24:399 -405

Effects of intramuscular fat deposition on the chemical composition, tenderness, and free amino acids (FAA) concentration of beef were studied using various classified carcasses of 21 Japanese Black (Wagyu) steers. The Beef Marbling Standard (BMS) No., judged on the market in 1998, and fat content, ranged from 2 to 10 and 4.8 to 39.0% in the M. longissimus thoracis, respectively. Moisture content was negatively correlated with the fat content (r = -0.98, P < 0.01). In contrast, protein content was relatively constant up to approximately 23% fat, corresponding to BMS No.4, and decreased as the fat content increased. Cooking loss was also constant up to approximately 28% fat, corresponding to BMS No.4, and markedly decreased with fat content increase. The beef in these cases were, however, classified into BMS No. around 9 and 11, respectively, according to the BMS model in 1988. A negative correlation was found between the shear-force value and the fat content (r = -0.83, P < 0.05). Most FAA concentrations on the wet weight of meat were correlated negatively with the fat content, except glutamine, and this negative relationship was still observed when the concentrations were recalculated on the basis of protein. These results indicate that higher marbling Wagyu beef (above approx. 23% fat) would have an extremely lower content of protein, which would partly explain the lower cooking loss and FAA with fat increase. In addition, some other reasons not relating to protein content (e.g. high fat content preventing the breakdown of protein to FAA) seem to explain the negative correlation between fat and FAA.

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