The number of elderly patients with hematologic malignancies has been steadily increasing with the aging of society. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate the prescription status of drugs for such diseases in Japan. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify the patient population currently being prescribed drugs for hematologic malignancies in Japan and the direction of drug development. To examine the prescription pattern of drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies in Japan from 2010-2014, we used the IMS Japan Pharmaceutical Market database and the Japanese Society of Hematology Clinical Practice Guidelines, and for drug development status, we used ClinicalTrials.gov and the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. We found a significant upward trend in prescriptions for molecular-targeted agents, which are typically prescribed over the long term, and a significant downward trend in chemotherapeutic agents, which are usually prescribed for the short term. We also found that recent drug development in hematological malignancies has focused on molecular-targeted agents. These results suggest that drug development should be directed toward anti-tumor agents in hematological malignancies that can help maintain and improve patients' QOL.

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