In a systematic search for microbial products active in the syncytia inhibition assay (SIA)1}, two streptomycetes strains AA6532 (ATCC 55290) and AA3891 (ATCC 55286) were found to produce new antiviral antibiotics, named siamycins I and II, respectively. They are peptide group antibiotics structurally related to each other, and both show good inhibitory activity against HIV and HSV viruses. This paper describes the fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities of siamycins I and II. Streptomyces sp. AA3891and AA6532were isolated from soil samples collected in Madhya Pradesh, India and Tokyo, Japan, respectively. Siamycin I was produced by the strain AA6532 in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks using medium composed of lactose 2%, dextrin (Nichiden Kagaku Co.) 2%, glucose 0.5%, corn steep liquor (Oji Corn Starch Co.) 1%, rice bran 1.5%, K2HPO4 0.05% and CoCl2-6H2O 0.0002%, pH 7.0. The flasks were shaken on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 28°C for 88 hours. Antibiotic production in the fermentation broth was estimated by the SIA. The medium for siamycin II herpes simplex viruses to antiviral agents. Antiviral Research 3: 223-234, 1986

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon of unknown etiology. There are varied manifestations in the natural course of UC. However, duodenum is not generally considered a target organ of UC. Here, we report two patients with steroid-responsive ulcerative duodenitis with colitis that was consistent with UC, but not with Crohn's disease. We also reviewed six cases of ulcerative duodenitis with UC. Duodenal lesion with UC may be a more common phenomenon, although infrequently clinically manifested under steroid therapy. Upper gastrointestinal tract inflammation in UC warrants further studies to ascertain whether the duodenum is a target organ in UC, especially in steroid-free conditions.

Streptomyces roseiscleroticus L827-7 (ATCC53903) produced a novel antifungal and antitumor antibiotic, sultriecin. It exhibited in vitro antifungal activity and potent in vivo antitumor activity against P388 and L1210 leukemias, and B16 melanoma. Sultriecin is composed of several unique structural units; a conjugated triene, an a,/?-unsaturated^-lactone, and a sulfate functionality.