Background Little information is available concerning the relationship between compliance with hypertensive care and poor quality of sleep among Chinese adults in rural areas. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the compliance with hypertensive care and sleep quality for hypertension of adults in a mountainous area in People's Republic of China. Methods A total of 551 hypertensive patients (30–96 years of age) living in a remote mountainous area were recruited. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the standard Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and compliance with care was measured based on the Compliance of Hypertensive Patients Scale (CHPS). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or treated with antihypertensive medication. The associations between sleep quality and compliance variables were examined using Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regressions were established to verify significant variables associated with respondents’ compliance with care and poor sleep quality. Results The average age of the sample was 67.15 years (SD=10.20), and 56.44% of the participants were female. The mean CHPS total score was 41.97 (SD=5.91), and the PSQI total score was 7.91 on average (SD=4.10). Correlation analysis revealed that patients with higher intention, healthier lifestyle, positive attitude and total compliance were more likely to have an increased risk of poor sleep quality. According to the results of multiple linear regression analyses, hypertension compliance was significantly associated with being female, married, non-rural residence and years of hypertension, while poor sleep quality had a significant association with living in rural areas, having concomitant disease and poor hypertension compliance. Conclusions There is a significant association between hypertension compliance and poor sleep quality. Future intervention programs should focus on improving compliance behavior as a modifiable background factor for sleep quality.

Centenarians, defined as the population aged 100 years or over, have been a symbol of longevity in most countries historically. 1 According to the Brocklehurst's textbook, 2 it is estimated there will be 850 000 centenarians living in the United States in 2050. Similarly, as an ageing society, there were 47 000 centenarians in China in 2012, 3 and the number of older adults (OAs) aged 60 or above is expected to reach 483 million, 4 representing 1/4 of the older people worldwide. 5 Along with rapid ageing, the population of Chinese OAs suffering from dementia has been projected to rise from 9 million in 2010 to 18 million by 2030. 6

Background Previous studies have concentrated on predictors of exceptional longevity, however, relevant studies have rarely extended to other fields of functioning. To date, little is known about what contributes to the experience of negative emotion in a very old population. Objective We aimed to provide a comprehensive key domain of functioning, including physical, cognitive, behavior, and negative emotion in older adults (OAs), followed by determination of predictors of negative emotion. Methods Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 2570 Chinese OAs (aged 60 and above) from the 2014 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Physical function was assessed using activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) measures. Cognitive function was assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (mMMSE). Participants’ behavior included smoking, drinking, exercise, physical labor, and social activities. Negative emotion was assessed using four items on affective experiences to create an index of emotional well-being. The associations between various covariates and multiple health outcomes were examined using Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regressions were established to verify significant variables associated with respondents’ negative emotion. Results The mean age was 80.20 years (SD=8.60). The mean ADL total score of the sample was 17.78 (SD=0.89), mean IADL total score was 21.93 (SD=3.69), the mean mMMSE total score was 21.63 (SD=2.23), the mean negative emotion total score was 8.89 (SD=2.64). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that negative emotion was associated with self-perceived low economic status, poor self-rated health condition, poor sleep quality, low IADL function, less regular exercising, living in rural, and being female. Conclusion Limited physical functioning and social resources in rural residence may restrict the outpouring of emotion in OAs. Nevertheless, further intensive studies are warranted to provide guidance for the development of better living environment for this elderly population.