Background: Inflammasomes are involved in diverse inflammatory diseases. Previous study reported that the neurotransmitter dopamine inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation via dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1). The present study aims to investigate the role of DRD1 on neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mice and the potential mechanism mediated by NLRP3 inhibition. Methods: One hundred and six male CD-1 mice were subjected to intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase or PBS. A68930 (DRD1 specific agonist) was administered by subcutaneous injection at 1 h after collagenase injection. Behavioral deficits and brain water content were assayed. The expression of Iba 1 and MPO levels were measured by immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of proteins in the DRD1/interferon-beta (IFN-beta)/NLRP3 signaling pathway were evaluated by western blotting. Results: Activation of the DRD1 by A68930 decreased brain edema and improved behavior at 24 and 72 h of ICH. A68930 inhibited partly the activation of microglia and the neutrophil infiltration after 24 h of ICH. IFN-beta, p-STAT1 increased while NLRP3, caspase 1, and IL-1beta decreased after A68930 administration in ICH mice. DRD1 antagonist and IFN-beta siRNA reversed effects of A68930 on neurological outcome and brain edema. DRD1 antagonist and IFNbeta siRNA blocked not only A68930-mediated increases of IFN-beta, p-STAT1 but also A68930-mediated decreases of NLRP3, caspase 1, and IL-1beta. Conclusions: DRD1 activation by A68930 improves neurological outcome through inhibition of NLRP3-mediated inflammation in ICH mice.

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Background Previous studies reported cutaneous melanoma in head and neck (HNM) differed from those in other regions (body melanoma, BM). Individualized tools to predict the survival of patients with HNM or BM remain insufficient. We aimed at comparing the characteristics of HNM and BM, developing and validating nomograms for predicting the survival of patients with HNM or BM. Methods The information of patients with HNM or BM from 2004 to 2015 was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The HNM group and BM group were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox models to identify independent prognostic factors. Nomograms were developed via the rms and dynnom packages, and were measured by the concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plots. Results Of 70,605 patients acquired, 21% had HNM and 79% had BM. The HNM group contained more older patients, male sex and lentigo maligna melanoma, and more frequently had thicker tumors and metastases than the BM group. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 88.1 ± 0.3% and 74.4 ± 0.4% in the HNM group and 92.5 ± 0.1% and 85.8 ± 0.2% in the BM group, respectively. Eight variables (age, sex, histology, thickness, ulceration, stage, metastases, and surgery) were identified to construct nomograms of CSS and OS for patients with HNM or BM. Additionally, four dynamic nomograms were available on web. The internal and external validation of each nomogram showed high C-index values (0.785–0.896) and AUC values (0.81–0.925), and the calibration plots showed great consistency. Conclusions The characteristics of HNM and BM are heterogeneous. We constructed and validated four nomograms for predicting the 3-, 5- and 10-year CSS and OS probabilities of patients with HNM or BM. These nomograms can serve as practical clinical tools for survival prediction and individual health management.

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Background: Baricitinib previously demonstrated improvements in itch and sleep disturbance versus placebo in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives: Examine if itch and sleep improvements are associated with better quality of life (QoL) and productivity in patients with AD. Methods: Data were drawn from BREEZE-AD5 (NCT03435081). Itch and sleep improvement at Week 16 were defined using !4-point improvements in the Itch Numeric Rating Scale and !1.5 decreases in the number of nighttime awakenings since baseline, respectively. Patients with and without improvements were compared on Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-AD scores. Changes from baseline were analyzed using ANCOVA with last observation carried forward. Proportions were analyzed using logistic regression with nonresponder imputation. Results: Greater proportions of patients with versus without itch improvement indicated no impact of AD on QoL (37.7 vs. 1.8%). Patients with itch improvement had greater decreases in work time impaired (À29.3 vs. À5.6%). More patients with versus without sleep improvement reported no effect of AD on QoL (25.5 vs. 1.1%); patients with better sleep experienced larger reductions in work time spent impaired (À33.3 vs. À6.1%). Conclusions: Patients with AD who experienced itch and sleep improvement had significantly better QoL and productivity.