The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a new one-dimensional scale used to measure fear of an individual about the COVID-19. Given the seriousness of the COVID-19 situation in China when our study was taking place, our aim was to translate and examine the applicability of the FCV-19S in Chinese students. The sample used for validation comprised 2,445 Chinese students. The psychometrical characteristics of the Chinese FCV-19S (FCV-19S-C) were tested using Rasch analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) proved the unidimensional structure of the model. Both infit and outfit mean square (MNSQ) values (0.69–1.31) and point-measure correlations (0.82–0.86) indicated a good model fit. Person-item separation and reliability values indicated good reliability of the scale. The person-item map revealed an acceptable level of match between the persons and the items. Differential item functioning of the FCV-19S-C showed no differences with respect to age or gender. FCV-19S-C scores were significantly associated with anxiety, stress, depression, ego-resilience, and general health. The FCV-19S-C was proven to be effective in measuring fear of Chinese students about the COVID-19.
The 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) is a self-report instrument widely used to assess resilience in particular demographics. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and measurement invariance (MI) of the CD-RISC-10 in Chinese left-behind children. A total of 968 children from three middle schools in Guizhou Province participated in this study, with the CD-RISC-10 used twice, at the base line time point and again after six months. The Ego-resilience Scale (ERS), and General Self-efficiency Scale (GSES-10) were also used as criteria-related validity instruments. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to examine the one-factor model and the MI with regards to gender and left-behind status, as well as the longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI). The study proved satisfactory reliability and validity of the CD-RISC-10, with good criterion validity with the ERS and GSES-10. CFA results showed that the satisfactory model fit for the one-factor structure was supported in all groups (e.g., CFI = .942, TLI = .925, RMSEA = .057). The strict MI was evident across genders, as well as both the left-behind and non-left-behind groups. Additionally, the LMI of the CD-RISC-10 was also adequately supported. Generally speaking, these findings demonstrate that the CD-RISC-10 can effectively measure the resilience level of left-behind children – boys as well as girls – in China.
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