Large‐area organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) single crystals have attracted intensive interest for diverse device applications. However, conventional growth methods usually suffer from limited and disordered mass transport in the crystal growth process, making the large‐area fabrication of OIHP single crystals with controllable thickness remain a formidable challenge. Here, for the first time, a three‐dimensional confined crystallization (3DCC) strategy is reported to achieve centimeter‐scale growth of a OIHP single‐crystal array with tunable thickness. The 3D geometrical channels can not only induce an oriented capillary flow to enhance the mass transport by up to 100 folds, but also can effectively confine the crystal crystallization in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions, thereby remarkably improving the crystallinity and thickness control of the crystals. Furthermore, a self‐driven lateral‐structured photodetector is demonstrated based on the resultant OIHP single‐crystal array with significant long‐term stability (>36 days, maintaining 80% of the initial performance) and outstanding device performance (linear dynamic range of 73 dB). The ability of the 3DCC strategy to scale up the growth of high‐quality perovskite single crystals opens a pathway for large‐scale and integrated optoelectronic applications.

Narrow-bandgap Sn-Pb mixed perovskite single crystals are highly promising as photoactive materials for efficient and low-cost near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors. However, because of the significant difference of the crystallization velocity for...

The pursuit of high-performance and integrated perovskite optoelectronic devices drives the development of efficient methods to pattern perovskite single crystals (PSCs). However, due to stochastic and multiple nucleation, PSCs obtained from traditional patterning methods still suffer from heterogeneous morphology and low crystallinity, resulting in unwanted large variation in the device performance. Herein, an effective and universal strategy is reported for the large-scale patterned growth of high-quality perovskite single-crystal microplates with uniform size and thickness. By modulating the wettability of gold nanoparticles, nucleation energetic barriers are subtly regulated and thus intractably random and multiple nucleation are fundamentally suppressed, enabling the formation of homogeneous perovskite microplates with exceptional properties in terms of ultralow surface defect density (6.1 × 10 7 cm −2 ) and high carrier mobility (176 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ). In consequence, the photodetector array based on the patterned perovskite microplates exhibits a large photoresponsivity up to 615 A W −1 , along with a low photocurrent variable coefficient <5.2%, which enables the realization of ultrasensitive and high-contrast imaging functions. This patterning technique constitutes a major step toward the deployment of PSCs in integrated optoelectronic devices.

Course supermarkets are emerging in many schools in China. Therefore, choosing the right courses has become a practical problem for many students. One of the primary concerns of students is to earn enough credits in a particular time limit. In this paper, we study the problem of credits maximization and evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of three different algorithms: greedy method, search method, and dynamic programming. Finally, we propose a practical implementation of the course selection algorithm that would provide new ideas for students to choose courses and suggestions for schools to set up online curriculums and course selection models.