UAV formation keeping is an important research element due to its cooperative formation control. This study proposes a passive positioning model for UAVs based on the Monte Carlo strategy and provides a trajectory programming decision scheme based on the predicted calculation of deviated UAV predefined endpoint locations, effectively improving the efficiency of UAVs performing formation-keeping tasks during flight. Then, the simulation after sampling by Gaussian distribution is used to obtain the trajectory planning under simultaneous control of multiple cluster formations, and the feasibility, accuracy and stability of the proposed model are verified. This study provides useful guidance for UAV formation control applications.

The growing concern about climate change has led to the rise of carbon cycle research. Forest cutting planning affects the carbon cycle due to the carbon sequestration function of forests. In this work, we propose a planning model for determining the regeneration cutting age of forests to optimize carbon sequestration and improving the associated economic and ecological benefits. We first built a model based on the carbon sequestration consumption of forest products and forest carbon sequestration to predict the change in forest carbon sequestration over time. The accuracy of the model was verified with forest data from the Great Khingan mountains. Furthermore, we added in economic and ecological factors to build an improved model, which was also applied to the Great Khingan forest. The improved regeneration cutting ages were calculated as 65, 134, 123, 111 and 73 years for white birch, larch, Scots pine, oak, and poplar trees for natural forests, whereas the ages were 34, 65, 64, 77 and 37 years for planted forests, respectively. It can be predicted that the total carbon sequestration in the Great Khingan forests will accumulate to 974.80 million tons after 100 years. The results of this study can provide useful guidance for local governments to develop a sustainable timeline for forest harvesting to optimize carbon sequestration and improve the associated economic and ecological benefits.