The traditional model of single ownership of all the physical network elements and network layers by mobile network operators is beginning to be challenged. This has been attributed to the rapid and complex technology migration compounded with rigorous regulatory requirements and ever increasing capital expenditures. These trends, combined together with the increasing competition, rapid commoditization of telecommunication equipments and rising separation of network and service provisioning are pushing the operators to adopt multiple strategies, with network infrastructure sharing in the core and radio access networks emerging as a more radical mechanism to substantially and sustainably improve network costs. Through infrastructure sharing, developing countries and other emerging economies can harness the technological, market and regulatory developments that have fostered affordable access to mobile and broadband services. Similarly, the network operators entering or consolidating in the emerging markets can aim for substantial savings on capital and operating expenses. The present paper aims to investigate the current technological solutions and regulatory and the technical-economical dimensions in connection with the sharing of mobile telecommunication networks in emerging countries. We analyze the estimated savings on capital and operating expenses, while assessing the technical constraints, applicability and benefits of the network sharing solutions in an emerging market context. Keywords : -Infrastructure sharing, mobile network sharing, RAN sharing, passive sharing, active sharing, network management, emerging markets.less populated or marginalized areas. In the emerging market context, both in urban and rural areas infrastructure sharing should be adopted as an imperative for sustained telecom growth. Mobile infrastructure sharing may also stimulate the migration to new technologies and the deployment of mobile broadband, which is increasingly seen as a viable means of making broadband services accessible for a larger part of the world population [13]. Mobile sharing may also enhance competition between mobile operators and service providers, at least where certain safeguards are used, without which concerns of anticompetitive behaviour could arise. Ultimately, mobile network sharing can play an important role in increasing access to information and communication technologies (ICTs), generating economic growth, improving quality of life and helping developing and developed countries to meet the objectives established by the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and the Millennium Development Goals established by the United Nations [20]. Different forms of infrastructure sharing are possible, ranging from basic unbundling and national roaming, to advanced forms like collocation and spectrum sharing. In the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, National roaming is used extensively in countries like Jordan, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Unbundling is now starting to...

Vehicular networks face a number of new challenges, particularly due to the extremely dynamic network topology and the large variable number of mobile nodes. To overcome these problems, an effective solution is to organize the network in a way which will facilitate the management tasks and permit to deploy a wide panoply of applications such as urban sensing applications. This paper presents LTE4V2X, a novel framework for a centralized vehicular network organization using LTE. It takes advantage of a centralized architecture around the eNodeB in order to optimize the clusters management and provide better performances. We studied its performances against a decentralized organization protocol for a well known urban sensing application, FCD application. We analyze the performances of LTE4V2X using NS-3 simulation environment and a realistic urban mobility model. We show that it permits performance improvement by lowering the overhead induced by control messages, reducing the FCD packet losses, as well as enhancing the goodput.

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In a recent work [1], we proposed LTE4V2X, a novel framework for a centralized vehicular network organization based on 4G LTE network. We demonstrated the efficiency of our framework for an FCD (Floating Car Data) application. Such applications are based on data collected from vehicles (localization, speed, direction, etc.) in order to feed a traffic management server. In the continuity of this work, this new paper presents two extensions of LTE4V2X. The first one is the multihop extension, which uses multi-hop communications to deal with areas where there is no LTE coverage (e.g. tunnels). The second extension deals with the adaptation of LTE4V2X framework for a dissemination application that aims to disseminate a specific message in a given geographical area. We analyze the performances of LTE4V2X using NS-3 simulation environment and a realistic highway mobility model. The results show that the multi-hop extension leads to an improvement of LTE4V2X performances, for applications based on both data collection and data dissemination.

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