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From the emf measurements of the cell Na- or K-glass electrode|2-butoxyethanol, H2O, NaCl or KCl|Cl ion-selective electrode, the standard potentials were determined at 298 K for five different compositions of the solvent. From the emf data the mean activity coefficients of NaCl and KCl were calculated and fitted to an empirical equation. The standard Gibbs free energies of transfer of NaCl and KCl from water to mixtures of water and 2-butoxyethanol were calculated from the cell potential.

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New technologies offer great opportunities to improve and expand the provision of health information and services worldwide. Digital health interventions (WHO 2018) include those designed for individuals, such as personalized health information delivered to their mobile phones; health care providers, such as decision support tools; and health systems, which include the digitization of health records. The other chapters outline the scope and potential for digital advances to impact global health outcomes. This chapter focuses on the responsibilities that accompany the adoption of these technologies. Specifically, we examine the ethical considerations to leveraging technology for global health, with a focus on resource-poor regions. Our paramount ethical consideration centers on putting the community and end user needs at the center of the approach. Using the concerned community as the starting point, all other ethical considerations follow, from safeguarding the rights of those impacted, which includes data privacy, security, and consent, to assessing unintended consequences. Keywords Ethics • Data privacy • Informed consent • Global health • Data science • Data protection • General data protection regulation Learning objectives By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: • Grasp the importance of ethics in global health data science work. • Understand the planned and potential impact any intervention can have on the individuals and communities interacting with the technology. • Consider issues of data protection and privacy, informed user consent, and unintended consequences in the context of a global health data science intervention.