Evaporative cooling technology utilizes phase-change heat transfer mode to achieve the cooling for heating equipment. The heat transfer capacity of evaporative cooling technology is far more than air or water cooling technology. The Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source magnet is a typical super-high power density magnet, and the evaporative cooling technology is an ideal cooling method for the coils of magnet. In this paper we show the structure and process of coils and the special design of flow channels of coolant for an experiment magnet model. Additionally, the heat transfer circulation is presented and analyzed. By the finite element method, the flow channels are optimized to rationally allocate coolant and to reduce the temperature of coils. For the experiment model, the current density of copper wire of coils is 19 A/mm(2), and the coil-windows current density is larger than 12 A/mm(2). The max temperature of coils is below 80 °C, and the total heat is about 200 kW.

This article is concerned with the infinite‐horizon optimal control for networked control systems with Markovian packet losses. We focus on the case that packet losses may occur in an unreliable communication channel between the sensor and the controller. This sort of packet loss enables the optimal control problem to fall into the category of optimal output‐feedback control. Also, the output involves multiplicative noise. As well known, the separation principle fails to hold in a multiplicative‐noise setting. Thus the problem is very involved. By solving forward and backward stochastic difference equations and making convergence analysis, we acquire the necessary and sufficient solvability condition and the explicit optimal controller. The achieved results are illustrated by numerical examples.

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