During a 2-year period in 2005-2007, we conducted surveillance of group A rotaviruses and other enteric agents among patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in 8 different cities of the Russian Federation. Fecal specimens were gathered from 3208 children (including 2848 children aged <5 years) and 1354 adults who were admitted to hospitals in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Tyumen, Khabarovsk, Makhachkala, and Yakutsk. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect rotaviruses of groups A and C, noroviruses of genogroups I and II, astrovirus, sapovirus, and enteric adenoviruses (group F). Group A rotavirus was the most common viral pathogen detected among children aged <5 years (43.6%), followed by norovirus (12.5%), whereas norovirus was the pathogen most commonly detected in adults (11.9%). P and G genotypes were determined for 515 rotavirus specimens, and the most prevalent genotypes were G1P[8] (44.9%), G4P[8] (40.0%), G2P[4] (8.5%), and G3P[8] (6.6%). This study is the first multicenter study of rotaviruses in the Russian Federation and documents the important burden of disease caused by this pathogen, which soon may be preventable by vaccination.

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There were studied epidemiological features of the prevalence rate of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Republic of Dagestan (RD). The prevalence rate of acute intestinal infections in RD was shown to correspond taken as a whole, to Russian indices, however, the regional feature is the high prevalence rate of shigellosis, there is remained a high proportion of the AII of unidentified etiology. There was substantiated the necessity of development and implementation of targeted programmes aimed at the decline in the morbidity rate in problematic territories. The solution to the problem of the AII in the Republic is possible only under the coordination of efforts of federal and local authorities, sanitary - epidemiological and medical institutions.

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